Pediatric Development/Milestone Flashcards by arlene formanes

Rooting

Onset age
Integration
Stimulus
Response
Relevance

Onset age - 28 weks gestation
Integration - 3 months
Stimulus - Stroke the corner of the mouth, upperlip, and lower lip
Response - Movement of the tongue, mouth, and/or head toward the stimulus
Relevance- Allows searching for and locating feeding source.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Suck-Swallow

onset age
integration age
Stimulus
Response
Relevance

onset age - 28 weeks gestation
integration age - 2-5 months
Stimulus - Place examiner’s index finger inside infant’s mouth with head in midline
Response - Stong, rythmical sucking
Relevance - Allows ingestion of nourishment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Traction

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

onset age - 28 wks
Integration age - 2-5 months
Stimulus - Grasp infant’s forearms and pull-to-sit
Response -Complete flexion of upper extremities
Relevance - Enhances momentary reflexive grasp

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Moro

Onset age
Integration age
stimulus
response
Relevance

Onset age- 28 weeks gestation
Integration age - 4-6 months
Stimulus - Rapidly drop infant’s head backward
Response -
- 1st phase - arm extension/abduction, hand opening
- 2nd phase - arm flexion and adduction
Relevance - Facilitates ability to depart from dominant flexor posture: protective response

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plantar Grasp reflex

Onset age
Integration age
Stimulus
Response
Relevance

Onset age - 28wk gestation
Integration age - 9 months
Stimulus - Apply pressure with thumb on the infant’s ball of the foot
Response - toe flexion
Relevance - Increases tactile input to sole of foot

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Galant

Onset age
Integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - 32 wks gestation
Integration age - 2 months
Stimulus - Hold infant in pron suspension, gently scratch or tap alongside the spone with finger, from shoulders to buttocks.
Response - Lateral trunk flexioni and the wrinkling of the skin on the stimulated side
Relevance - faciltiates lateral trunk movements necessary for trunk stabiization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ATNR (Asymmetric tonic neck)

Onset age
Integration age
Stimulus
Response
Relevance

Onset age - 37wks gestation
integration age - 4-6 months
stimulus - fully rotate Infant’s head and hold for 5 seconds
response - Extension of extremities on the face side, flexion of extremities on the skull side
relevance - Promotes visual hand regard

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Palmar Grasp

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - 37 wks gestation
integration age - 4-6 months
stimulus - Place examiner’s finger in infant’s palm
response - finger flexion; reflexive grasp
relevance - increases tactile input on the palm of the hand

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tonic Labyrinthine - supine

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - >37 wks gestation
integration age -6 months
stimulus -Place infant in supine
response - Increased extensor tone
relevance- facilitates total-body extensor tone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tonic Labyrinthine - Prone

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - >37wks gestation
integration age - 6 months
stimulus - Place infant in prone
response - Increased flexor tone
relevance - facilitates total-body flexor tone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Labyrinthine/ Optical (head) righting

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - birth-2months
integration age - persists
stimulus - Hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward
response - upright positioning of the head
relevance - Orients head in space, maintains face vertical

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Landau

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - 3-4months
integration age - 12-24 months
stimulus Hold infant in horizontal prone suspension
response - Complete extension of head, trunk, and extremities
relevance - Breaks up flexor dominance; facilitiates prone extension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Symmetric Tonic neck

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - 4-6 months
integration age - 8-12 months
stimulus - Place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
response - flexion of hips and knees
relevance - Preaks up total extensor posture; facilitates static quadruped position

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neck righting (NOB) Neck on body

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age -4-6 months
integration age - 5 years
stimulus - Place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side
response - log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with the head
relevance - Maintains head/body alignment; initiates rolling (first ambulation effort)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Body righting (on body) (BOB)

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - 4-6months
integration age -5 years
stimulus - Place infant in supine, flex on ehip and knee toward the chest and hold briefly
response - Segmental rolling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment
relevance - Facilitates trun/spinal rotation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Downward Parachute (protective extension downward)

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - 4 months
integration age - persists
stimulus - Rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically
response - Extension of the lower extremities
relevance - Allows accurate placement of lower extremities in anticipation of a surface.

Forward parachute (protective extension forward)

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - 6-9 months
integration age - Persists
stimulus - Suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended
response - Suddend extension of the upper extremities, hand opening, and neck extension
relevance - Allows accurate placement of upper extremities in anticipation of supporting surface to prevent a fall.

Sideward Parachute (Protective extension sideward)

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - 7months
integration age - persists
stimulus - quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance to the side while in the sitting position
response - arm extension and abduction to the side
relevance - protects body to prevent a fall; supports body for unilateral useof opposite arm

Prone Tilting

Onset age
integration age
stimulus
response
relevance

Onset age - 5 months
integration age - Persists
stimulus - After positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side ofhte supporting surface
response - curving of the spine toward the riased side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension fo arms and legs
relevance - Maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate postural adjustmentsin all positions

4 month grasp

Primitive squeeze grasp

3 month grasp

sustained grasp possible if object placed into ulnar side of hand

5 month grasp

Palmar grasp

6 month grasp

radial-palmar grasp

7 month grasp

Radial palmar grasp with straight wrist

8 month grasp

Radial -digital grasp

9 month grasp

Radial digital grasp with wrist extended

Fine motor pincer grasp

6 months
9 months
12 months

6 months - raking and contacting object
9 months - Inferior pincer grasp; between ventral surfaces of thumb and index finger, distal thumb joint extended, beginning of thumb opposition
12 months - fine pincer grasp; between fintertips or fingernails, distal thumb jont flexed

Scissor skills

2-3 years
3-4 years
4-6 years
6-7 years

2-3 years: holds and snips with scissors, opens and closes scissors in a controlled fashion
3-4 years: Manipulates scissors in a forward motion, coordinates the lateral directions of the scissors, cuts a streight forward line, cuts simple geometric shapes, cut circles
4-6 years: cuts simple figure shapes
6-7 years: cuts complex figure shapes.

Fine motor manipulation skills

12-15 months

Finger-to-palm translation - a linear movement of an object from the fingers to the palm of the hand, picking up coins

Fine motor manipulation skills

2-2 1/2 years old

Palm-to finger translation: with stabilization, a linear movment of an object from the palm of the hand to the fingers, ie placing coins in a slot
Simple rotation: the turning or rolling of an object held at the finger pads approximately 90 degrees or less. ie unscrewing a small bottle cap

Fine motor manipulation skills

3-3 1/2 years old

Shift - a linear movement of an object on the finger surfaces to allow for repositioning fo the object relative to the finger pads, ie Shifting up and down a pencil separating 2 pieces of paper

Fine motor Manipulation skills

6-7 years old

complex rotation - the rotation fo an object 360 degrees, ie turning a pencil over to erase
In hand manipulation with stabilization- several objects are held in the hand and manipulation of one object occurs, while siultaneously stabilizing the others, ie picing up pennies with thumb and forefinger while storing them in the ulnar side of the same hand.

Pencil grasp

1-1 1/2 years

Palmar-Supinate grasp - Children often hold their writing tool like a dagger, scribbling using their whole arm.

Pencil grasp 2-3 years

Digital-pronate grasp - All fingers are holding the writing tool but the wrist is turned so that the palm is facing down towards the page. Children begin to stabilise their shoulders, so that movement now comes mostly from the elbow. At this age, children should start being able to copy a

Pencil grasp 3 1/2-4 years

Quadropod grasp - 4 fingers are held on the writing tool, beginning to form the arc between the thumb and index finger (web space). Movement will occur mostly from the wrist and the hand and fingers move as one whole unit. At this age, children should be able to complete simple dot-to-dots, imitate zig-zag and crossed lines, trace dotted lines and draw simple humans (eg. Head, stick body and one other body part such as arm or leg).

Pencil grasp 4-6 years old

Static tripod posture - This is a 3 finger grasp, where the thumb, index finger and middle finger work as one unit. At this age, children should be able to copy a diagonal line, a square, a diagonal cross, a circle and a triangle. Pictures of humans become more detailed, including both arms and legs and even facial features.
Dynamic Tripod posture - Children will consistently be using only 3 fingers to hold the writing tool. This is the ideal grip to help move the pencil efficiently, accurately and at a good speed. Your child is now ready to starting practising and perfecting their letter formations! Most children will master the tripod grip by the age of 6 or 7, so there’s no need to raise alarm bells if your child isn’t holding their pencil properly as they start school.