Pediatric Development and Reflexes

Question 1

Babinski’s reflex

Answer 1

after sole of foot has been stroked big toe extends, other toes fan out

Question 2

ATNR

Answer 2

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
head turns to one side and arm on ipsilateral side extends
arm on contralateral side flexes

Question 3

STNR

Answer 3

symmetric tonic neck reflex
Head flexes, arms flex, legs extend
arms extend, legs flex
breaking up extensor pattern
precursor for creeping/crawling

Question 4

TLR

Answer 4

Tonic labyrinthine reflex
where the head goes, the extremities go (meatball)

Question 5

Gross Motor Skills development (progression)

Answer 5

Lift head (1 month)
sit w/support
Sit IND (6 months)
creep
crawl
pull to stand
IND stand
walking (12 months)

Question 6

Grasp Development (progression)

Answer 6

primitive squeeze
ulnar grasp
palmar grasp
radial-palmar grasp
radial-digital grasp
inferior pincer grasp
fine pincer grasp

Question 7

What age does fine pincer grasp typically develop?

Answer 7

12 months

Question 8

Is TLR integrated before or after STNR?

Answer 8

before

Question 9

Feeding development: 0-4 months

Answer 9

latches onto nipple
suck-swallow-breathe

Question 10

Feeding development: 4-7 months

Answer 10

spoon feeding introduced
opens mouth in anticipation

Question 11

Feeding development: 7-9 months

Answer 11

begin to drink from cup
up and down chewing

Question 12

Feeding development: 10-12 months

Answer 12

rotary chewing
IND finger feeding

Question 13

Feeding development: 13-15 months

Answer 13

controlled bites based on texture
lip closure
spoon to mouth

Question 14

Feeding development: 16-18 months

Answer 14

holds and drinks from cup

Question 15

Feeding development: 18-24 months

Answer 15

chews wide variety of textures completely
uses spoon independently

Question 16

Feeding development: 2-3 years

Answer 16

drink from straw
36 months uses a fork

Question 17

Feeding development: 3-5 years

Answer 17

pour and scoop without spills
spread butter

Question 18

Feeding development: 5-6 years

Answer 18

supervision with a knife

Question 19

Feeding development: 6.5 years

Answer 19

use utensils independently

Question 20

What is the progression of utensil usage?

Answer 20

least to most pointy

Question 21

Development: dressing 1 y

Answer 21

cooperating
doffs shoes/socks

Question 22

Development: dressing 2-3 y

Answer 22

doffs coat w/out fasteners
doffs pants with elastic waistband
unbutton large buttons

Question 23

Development: dressing 3-4 y

Answer 23

unzip zipper
zip zipper w/assistance
button buttons
dress w/SUP

Question 24

Development: dressing 4-5 y

Answer 24

weave belt through belt loops
dress w/out SUP

Question 25

Development: dressing 6 y

Answer 25

tie bow manage fasteners

Question 26

Development: toileting 1-2 y

Answer 26

shows discomfort when soiled sit on toilet w/SUP

Question 27

Development: toileting 2-3 y

Answer 27

shows interest in toileting toileting schedule wakes up dry wash hands IND

Question 28

Development: toileting 3-4 y

Answer 28

goes to bathroom IND needs assistance w/wiping needs assistance w/clothing

Question 29

Development: toileting 4-5 y

Answer 29

IND

Question 30

Motor milestones: 0-3 months

Answer 30

involuntary release skills prone: push into prone supine: turn head side to side sitting: stabilizing head hands coming to midline (3 months)

Question 31

Motor milestones: 4-6 months

Answer 31

prone: shifting weight to forearms, bearing weight on forearms, equilibrium actions supine: hands together in space sitting: good head control, support selves momentarily, then prop w/arms 6 months-sit unsupported standing: increased ability to bear weight on legs

Question 32

Motor milestones: 7-10 months

Answer 32

prone/supine: pivot to prone and prone to sit rolling/creeping/crawling: creep before crawl sitting: standing: pull to stand walking: furniture cruising

Question 33

Motor milestones: 11-18 months

Answer 33

rolling/creeping/stair climbing: creep well and up stairs sitting/standing: walking: w/hand held 15 months- walk w/out hand 18 months- run ADLs:

Question 34

Moro reflex

Answer 34

Startle reflex