Pediatric Airway Flashcards
Tracheobronchial stridor is __________ when obstruction occurs in the chest.
expiratory
Tracheobronchial stridor is _________ when obstruction occurs in the neck.
inspiratory
Sterter is heard with obstruction of the ________.
pharynx
Glottic and sublgottic stridor is _________.
biphasic
________ stridor is inspiratory.
Supraglottic
At the pulmonary level airway obstruction is experienced as ________.
wheezing
Wheezing should be identified via _______ not ___________.
auscultation, naked ear
What type of breathers are neonates?
obligate nasal breathers
Recurrent laryngeal nerve provides _______ innervation the larynx.
motor
Superior laryngeal nerve provides _______ innervation to the larynx.
sensory
Superior laryngeal nerve provides _______ innervation to the cricothyroid muscle
motor
Swallowing involves _______ number of muscles.
27
The larynx _______ during swallowing.
elevates
The larynx consist of _______, ______, ______, ________.
epiglottis
false vocal cords
true vocal cords
arytenoid cartilage
bilateral vocal fold paralysis is usually of _______ etiology.
congenital
Laryngeal pathoma is caused by ________ exposure during birth.
HPV
Why are laryngeal pathomas removed as children get older although their pharynx is larger and not as impacted by the lesions?
The lesions impact the voice.
The most common cause of airway obstruction in neonates is _____________.
Laryngomalacia
At what level of the airway does laryngomalacia occur?
Supraglottic, above the vocal cords
_________ is an indication of intervention in laryngomalacia.
Losing weight.
______ shaped epiglottis is associated with laryngomalacia
Omega
What results in the stridor heard in laryngomalacia?
The shortened aryepiglottic folds and epiglottis being sucked into airway
In surgical management of laryngomalacia the _________ are cut to open up the airway.
Aryepiglottic folds
_____ puts pressure on voice box and causes it to collapse posteriorly.
Vallecular cyst
What are some complications of vallecular cyst?
severe sleep apnea, feeding difficulties
subglottic stenosis is anything that causes __________ to not be as patent as it should be.
cricoid ring
Children with _______ tend to have subglottic stenosis.
Down’s syndrome
_____ cartilage is used to make cricoid cartilage larger in post-laryngeal reconstruction
Rib
_______ presents at 4-6 weeks rather than at birth
subglottic hemangioma
Subglottic hemangioma is often mistaken for _______ due to its response to steroids.
Croup
Subglottic hemangioma has ________ stridor.
Biphasic
_______ is used to treat subglottic hemangioma,
Propanolol
Reflux is an additional symptom of which laryngeal pathology?
laryngomalacia
Trachea ______ varies at different levels and respiration.
diameter
Ex. chest compresses the trachea during expiration
_____ is tip where bronchioles split off from the trachea
Carina
_________ is narrowing of airway due to abnormally shaped tracheal rings.
Trachealmalacia
Should the carina be sharp or blunt?
sharp
What is the purpose of the horse shoe shape of tracheal rings?
To resist intrathoracic pressure
Why do children with trachealmalacia have longer viral syndromes?
Mishappen tracheal rings cause them to trap secretions
Tacheal esophageal fistula can lead to recurrent _________.
pneumonia
Describe a slide tracheoplasty.
Trachea is split horizontally,
front half split in front, bottom half split in back
they are brought together to create a shorter but wider trachea
Slide tracheoplasty has a __________ suture line.
diagonal
________ compression creates a malformed tracheal ring resulting in tracheomalacia.
Innominate artery
The _________ artery is an innominate artery and it can compress the trachea.
brachiocephalic
How is innominate artery compression treated?
By suturing it to the sternum
