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Head and Neck > Pediatric Airway > Flashcards

Pediatric Airway Flashcards

1
Q

Tracheobronchial stridor is __________ when obstruction occurs in the chest.

A

expiratory

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2
Q

Tracheobronchial stridor is _________ when obstruction occurs in the neck.

A

inspiratory

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3
Q

Sterter is heard with obstruction of the ________.

A

pharynx

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4
Q

Glottic and sublgottic stridor is _________.

A

biphasic

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5
Q

________ stridor is inspiratory.

A

Supraglottic

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6
Q

At the pulmonary level airway obstruction is experienced as ________.

A

wheezing

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7
Q

Wheezing should be identified via _______ not ___________.

A

auscultation, naked ear

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8
Q

What type of breathers are neonates?

A

obligate nasal breathers

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9
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve provides _______ innervation the larynx.

A

motor

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10
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve provides _______ innervation to the larynx.

A

sensory

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11
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve provides _______ innervation to the cricothyroid muscle

A

motor

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12
Q

Swallowing involves _______ number of muscles.

A

27

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13
Q

The larynx _______ during swallowing.

A

elevates

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14
Q

The larynx consist of _______, ______, ______, ________.

A

epiglottis

false vocal cords

true vocal cords

arytenoid cartilage

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15
Q

bilateral vocal fold paralysis is usually of _______ etiology.

A

congenital

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16
Q

Laryngeal pathoma is caused by ________ exposure during birth.

A

HPV

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17
Q

Why are laryngeal pathomas removed as children get older although their pharynx is larger and not as impacted by the lesions?

A

The lesions impact the voice.

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18
Q

The most common cause of airway obstruction in neonates is _____________.

A

Laryngomalacia

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19
Q

At what level of the airway does laryngomalacia occur?

A

Supraglottic, above the vocal cords

20
Q

_________ is an indication of intervention in laryngomalacia.

A

Losing weight.

21
Q

______ shaped epiglottis is associated with laryngomalacia

A

Omega

22
Q

What results in the stridor heard in laryngomalacia?

A

The shortened aryepiglottic folds and epiglottis being sucked into airway

23
Q

In surgical management of laryngomalacia the _________ are cut to open up the airway.

A

Aryepiglottic folds

24
Q

_____ puts pressure on voice box and causes it to collapse posteriorly.

A

Vallecular cyst

25
Q

What are some complications of vallecular cyst?

A

severe sleep apnea, feeding difficulties

26
Q

subglottic stenosis is anything that causes __________ to not be as patent as it should be.

A

cricoid ring

27
Q

Children with _______ tend to have subglottic stenosis.

A

Down’s syndrome

28
Q

_____ cartilage is used to make cricoid cartilage larger in post-laryngeal reconstruction

A

Rib

29
Q

_______ presents at 4-6 weeks rather than at birth

A

subglottic hemangioma

30
Q

Subglottic hemangioma is often mistaken for _______ due to its response to steroids.

A

Croup

31
Q

Subglottic hemangioma has ________ stridor.

A

Biphasic

32
Q

_______ is used to treat subglottic hemangioma,

A

Propanolol

33
Q

Reflux is an additional symptom of which laryngeal pathology?

A

laryngomalacia

34
Q

Trachea ______ varies at different levels and respiration.

A

diameter

Ex. chest compresses the trachea during expiration

35
Q

_____ is tip where bronchioles split off from the trachea

A

Carina

36
Q

_________ is narrowing of airway due to abnormally shaped tracheal rings.

A

Trachealmalacia

37
Q

Should the carina be sharp or blunt?

A

sharp

38
Q

What is the purpose of the horse shoe shape of tracheal rings?

A

To resist intrathoracic pressure

39
Q

Why do children with trachealmalacia have longer viral syndromes?

A

Mishappen tracheal rings cause them to trap secretions

40
Q

Tacheal esophageal fistula can lead to recurrent _________.

A

pneumonia

41
Q

Describe a slide tracheoplasty.

A

Trachea is split horizontally,

front half split in front, bottom half split in back

they are brought together to create a shorter but wider trachea

42
Q

Slide tracheoplasty has a __________ suture line.

A

diagonal

43
Q

________ compression creates a malformed tracheal ring resulting in tracheomalacia.

A

Innominate artery

44
Q

The _________ artery is an innominate artery and it can compress the trachea.

A

brachiocephalic

45
Q

How is innominate artery compression treated?

A

By suturing it to the sternum

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