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Head and Neck > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

How can you differentiate cervical vertebrae from the other types

A

There is a hole (transverse foramen) in the transverse process for the vertebral artery

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2
Q

C1 is the _____

A

Atlas

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3
Q

The atlas supports the _______.

A

skull

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4
Q

C2 is the _____

A

Axis

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5
Q

The axis has an _________ process that articulates with the ring of the atlas.

A

odontoid

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6
Q

Odontoid is a pivot point for rotation of the ______.

A

atlas

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7
Q

The atlas articulates with the _______ bone, causing the skull and atlas to rotate around axis together.

A

occipital

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8
Q

The atlas has _____ body.

A

No

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9
Q

The atlanto-occipital joint is for _______ and _______.

A

flexion, extension

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10
Q

The ______ joint is for rotation.

A

Atlanto-axial

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11
Q

What motion represents flexion of the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

a short nod

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12
Q

In development the ______ is the body of the atlas (C1) but it fuses with the axis (C2)

A

dens

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13
Q

Is there any epidural space in the skull?

A

No

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14
Q

The tectorial membrane covers the __________ joint.

A

Atlanto-axial

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15
Q

_______ ligaments go from the dens to _______ bone to check rotation

A

Alar “Check”, occipital

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16
Q

The alar ligaments become ________ during rotation to limit it.

A

taught

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17
Q

The cruciate ligament holds the _____ against the _____.

A

dens, atlas

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18
Q

The ________ membrane continues as the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

tectorial

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19
Q

The tectorial membrane continues as the ________ ligament

A

posterior longitudinal

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20
Q

The posterior longitudinal ligament is anterior to the _______.

A

spinal cord

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21
Q

The sternocleidomastoid muscle extends the __________ joint.

A

Atlanto-occipital

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22
Q

What is the cause of torticollis?

A

greater muscle tone or fibrosis in one of the sternocleidomastoid muscles

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23
Q

Torticollis acts as one of the sternocleidomastoids is __________

A

contracting

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24
Q

What are the functions of the trapezius muscle?

A

extends the neck

laterally bends the neck

rotates to the opposite side

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25
Q

What are the functions of the SCM

A

flex intervertebral joints

laterally bend neck

rotate to opposite side

extend Atlanta-occipital joints

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26
Q

The branchial plexus and subclavian artery pass behind the _________ scalene.

A

anterior

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27
Q

What structures are anterior to the anterior scalene

A

Phrenic nerve and subclavian vein

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28
Q

The anterior and middle scalene muscles attach to the ______ rib

A

first

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29
Q

The posterior scalene muscle attaches to the _____ rib

A

second

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30
Q

What are the functions of the scalene muscles

A

laterally bend the neck

rotate neck the opposite side

help raise the rib cage

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31
Q

Scalene muscles can help raise the rib cage when we _______.

A

inhale

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32
Q

What is scalene anticus syndrome?

A

compression of the brachial plexus and/or the subclavian artery

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33
Q

The __________ is the space between the anterior and middle scalene muscles.

A

interscalene triangle

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34
Q

Patients with scalene anticus syndrome will get pain in the _______ extremity

A

upper

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35
Q

What structures are affected by costo-clavicular syndrome?

A

brachial plexus, subclavian artery, subclavian vein

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36
Q

Nerve/vascular compression in costa-clavicular syndrome occurs between the ______ and ______.

A

clavicle, first rib

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37
Q

Infrahyoid strap muscles are innervated by the _______

A

ansa cervicalis

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38
Q

Ansa cervicali stems from the __________.

A

cervical plexus

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39
Q

Which muscles allow the hyoid bone and larynx to be moved up and down?

A

infrahyoid strap muscles

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40
Q

The _____ muscle allows the hyoid bone and larynx to be moved forward and back.

A

digastric

41
Q

Movement of the larynx and hyoid up and down modulates ______ of the voice.

A

pitch/volume

42
Q

Movement of the hyoid is important for what function?

A

swallowing

43
Q

Whiplash/hyperextension causes ______ tissue injury.

A

soft

44
Q

The ______, ______, ______, and _______ can be injured in Whiplash.

A

anterior longitudinal ligament w/ruptured disc

longus coli

scalene

trachea/larynx

45
Q

The _______ scalene muscle is most likely to be damaged in whiplash.

A

anterior

46
Q

In hyper flexion injury the articulations between ________ are are disrupted.

A

cervical vertebrae

47
Q

What can result because of hyperflexion injury?

A

Dislocation of cervical vertebrae

Vertebrae can slide onto one another

Spinal cord compression

48
Q

What posterior structures are torn in hyperflexion?

A

interspinous ligaments

joint capsules

49
Q

Torn posterior structures results in _________ dislocation of the cervical spine.

A

anterior

50
Q

How can you tell there is a hyperflexion injury via x-ray?

A

cervical vertebrae is posterior to the anterior edge of the vertebrae above it

51
Q

The _______ is crushed in a compression injury

A

body of cervical vertebrae

52
Q

In severe cases of compression injury the _______ can be damaged.

A

spinal cord

53
Q

How can a compression injury damage the spinal cord?

A

Fragments of the crushed cervical vertebrae can extend into the vertebral canal

54
Q

_______ the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle is the carefree area

A

Above

55
Q

_______ the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle is the careful area

A

Below

56
Q

The _________ is located in the carotid triangle

A

Carotid sheath

57
Q

The infra hyoid strap muscles are located in the ________ triangle

A

muscular

58
Q

The _______ muscles border the submandibular triangle

A

digastric

59
Q

_________ fascia surrounds the vertebral compartment

A

prevertebral

60
Q

________ fascia surrounds the visceral compartment

A

pretracheal

61
Q

______ fascia surrounds both the visceral and vertebral compartments

A

deep

62
Q

vertebral compartment consist of ______ and _______.

A

bone, muscle

63
Q

Why is the area between the visceral compartment and the vertebral compartment called the danger zone

A

If blood or infection gets in this area it can spread widely from the skull all the way to the mediastinum

64
Q

Retropharyngeal space is between _______ and ________ fascia

A

alar, pretracheal

65
Q

Why is the retropharyngeal space not as dangerous as the danger space?

A

Te alar and pretracheal facia fuses at the neck so it will not allow blood/affection to get to the mediastinum

66
Q

If you have a swelling in the retropharyngeal space why would it only be on one side and not midline?

A

the alar fascia fuses with the pretracheal fascia in the middle

67
Q

alar fascia is ___________ fascia above the level of the trachea

A

buccopharyngeal

68
Q

inferior pharyngeal constrictor attaches to _________ and _________.

A

thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

69
Q

The __________ travels through the thyrohyoid membrane

A

internal laryngeal

70
Q

The superior pharyngeal constrictor attaches to the ________ muscle

A

buccinator

71
Q

Which artery travels through the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

superior laryngeal artery

72
Q

the middle pharyngeal constrictor attaches to the _________.

A

hyoid

73
Q

The _________ nerve travels between the superior and middle constrictor

A

glossopharyngeal

74
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve is ______ sensory to the pharynx.

A

visceral

75
Q

The vagus nerve provides ________ innervation to the pharynx.

A

motor

76
Q

The auditory tube and elevator palati passes above the _________ constrictor.

A

superior

77
Q

The _______ muscle and glossopharyngeal nerve travel between the superior and middle constrictor above the hyoid bone.

A

stylopharyngeus

78
Q

The _________ raphe is the interface between the superior constrictor and buccinator muscle.

A

pterygomandibular

79
Q

The pharyngeal tubercle is the part of the _______ part of occipital bone

A

basilar

80
Q

The auditory tube connects the middle ear cavity with the __________.

A

nasopharynx

81
Q

The _______ membrane serves as an emergency airway

A

cricothyroid

82
Q

In a hospital setting an airway can be created through the ________ rings

A

Tracheal

83
Q

The cervical plexus consist of _______ rami of ________ nerves

A

ventral, cervical spinal

84
Q

The motor component of the cervical plexus consist of the _______ nerve, ________, and direct ________ branches.

A

phrenic, ansa cervicalis, muscular

85
Q

The ansa cervicalis lies on the __________.

A

carotid sheath

86
Q

The cervical plexus consist of what type of nerves?

A

motor and cutaneous

87
Q

C1 fibers of the cervical plexus travel with the ________ nerve to thyrohyoid and and ansa cervicalis

A

hypoglossal

88
Q

cutaneous branches emerge from the _________ triangle

A

posterior

89
Q

the posterior triangle is between the __________ and __________.

A

SCM, trapezius

90
Q

Cutaneous branches of the neck are are _______ sensory and postsynaptic __________.

A

general

sympathetics

91
Q

What type of innervation do cutaneous branches provide?

A

general sensory

postsynaptic sympathetics

92
Q

Which vein does the greater auricular nerve travel with?

A

external jugular vein

93
Q

The _________ nerve travels over the internal and external carotid arteries

A

hypoglossal

94
Q

infrahyoid muscles are ________ to the carotid sheath

A

anterior

95
Q

superficial temporal vein is a straight shot to the ________ jugular vein.

A

external

96
Q

Facial (anterior) vein is a straight shot to the ________ jugular vein.

A

internal

97
Q

__________ vein serves as a connection between external jugular vein and internal jugular vein

A

retromandibular

98
Q

The communicating branch nerve serves as a connection between the _________ vein and _______ vein.

A

interior jugular, anterior jugular

Head and Neck (9 decks)

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