PED- TEST 2- DERM WEEK 1/1

Question 1

What is scaling caused by?

a) Thickening and shedding of the stratum corneum
b) Chronic inflammation from an autoimmune disorder
c) Bacterial infection
d) Viral rash

Answer 1

a) Thickening and shedding of the stratum corneum

Question 2

What do you see in lichenification?

Answer 2

b) Skin lines or markings

Question 3

What causes lichenification?
a) Dermal infection
b) Epidermis is thickened due to rubbing against the skin
c) Allergic reaction to medication
d) Genetic mutation

Answer 3

b) Epidermis is thickened due to rubbing against the skin

Question 4

What is visible in crusting?
a) Smooth, shiny skin
b) Dried collection of serum or cellular debris
c) Pus-filled blisters
d) Hypopigmented patches

Answer 4

b) Dried collection of serum or cellular debris

Question 5

How do scars appear?
a) Flaky and dry
b) Thickened, firm, and sometimes discolored collection of connective tissue
c) Fluid-filled sacs
d) Red, itchy rash

Answer 5

b) Thickened, firm, and sometimes discolored collection of connective tissue

Question 6

What causes scars?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Inflammatory process
c) Dermal damage
d) Allergic reaction

Answer 6

) Dermal damage

Question 7

What is seen in excoriation?
a) Smooth, hairless patches
b) Superficial linear erosion
c) Large blisters with clear fluid
d) Crusty, yellow lesions

Answer 7

b) Superficial linear erosion

Question 8

What usual cause leads to excoriation especially in children?
a) Bacterial infections
b) Excessive scratching
c) Sun exposure
d) Allergic reactions

Answer 8

b) Excessive scratching

Question 9

What characterizes an ulcer?
a) Formation of thick crusts
b) Deeper depression with the loss of the whole epidermis
c) Superficial red patches
d) Raised red nodules

Answer 9

b) Deeper depression with the loss of the whole epidermis

Question 10

What potential outcome can occur after an ulcer has healed?
a) Discoloration
b) Formation of scars
c) Scaling
d) Presents as plaques

Answer 10

b) Formation of scars

Question 11

What does a fissure look like?

 a) Raised bumps
 b) Linear break in the skin's surface
 c) Circular sores
 d) Scaling patches

Answer 11

b) Linear break in the skin’s surface

Question 12

How might a patient describe a fissure?
a) Itchy
b) Painful
c) Numb
d) Swollen

Answer 12

b) Painful

Question 13

What do you see in erosion?

 a) Deep pits in the skin reaching the dermis
 b) Shallow depression with loss of superficial epidermis
 c) Raised, red nodules
 d) Hyperpigmented areas

Answer 13

b) Shallow depression with loss of superficial epidermis

Question 14

. A 35-year-old patient presents with red, scaly patches on their elbows and knees. The patient mentions that the patches have been present for several months and seem to build up and peel off. What would be your initial diagnosis, and what primary lesion characteristics are you observing?

Answer 14

The patient is likely presenting with psoriasis. The primary lesion characteristics observed are scaling and plaques

Question 15

How would you differentiate between a lichenified lesion and a nodule on a patient’s skin?

Answer 15

A lichenified lesion is characterized by thickening of the epidermis with exaggerated skin lines or markings, usually due to chronic rubbing.

A nodule, on the other hand, is an elevated, solid lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter with a rounded surface.

Question 16

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lesion:

Elevated solid lesion <1 cm in diameter?

• a) Papule
  
  • b) Vesicle
  • c) Wheal

Answer 16

a) Papule

Question 17

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lesion:

Fluid-filled lesion <1 cm in diameter.

• a) Papule
  
  • b) Vesicle
  • c) Wheal

Answer 17

B- vesicle

Question 18

Matching lesion types with descriptions:

• c) Pink edematous papule or plaque that resolves within 24 hours.

Answer 18

• c) Wheal

Question 19

True or False: Purpura lesions are caused by extravascular blood into the skin and do not

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Differentiate between a pustule and a vesicle based on their content?

Answer 20

A vesicle is a fluid-filled lesion that is typically clear or tan in color and less than 1 cm in diameter. In contrast, a pustule is filled with pus and usually associated with erythema

Question 21

A patient reports a sudden onset of red-purple macules and plaques over their lower legs which do not blanch with pressure. They have not experienced any recent trauma. What is the most likely diagnosis, and what primary lesion are you identifying?

Answer 21

The most likely diagnosis is purpura. The primary lesion identified is red-purple macules or plaques caused by extravascular blood.

Question 22

A patient has a cyst on their back. What is a cyst, and how would you explain the difference between a cyst and other similar lesions such as vesicles or pustules to the patient?

Answer 22

A cyst is a raised papule or nodule with an epidermal lining, filled with solid material. Unlike vesicles that are fluid-filled and clear, and pustules that are pus-filled, cysts are not transparent and contain solid material.

Question 23

Which primary lesion is described as having a flat, broad surface area greater than 1 cm in diameter?

Answer 23

Plaque

Question 24

Patient presents with a palpable, round lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter. What type of primary lesion does this description fit? What further assessment would you conduct to confirm this diagnosis?

Answer 24

The description fits a nodule. Further assessment would involve palpation to determine the consistency, mobility, and depth of the nodule, as well as reviewing the patient’s medical history and possibly ordering imaging or a biopsy for further evaluation.

Question 25

A 50-year-old man presents with a thickened area of skin with exaggerated skin lines on his hands due to chronic rubbing. What type of lesion is this, and what primary lesion could have led to this secondary lesion?

Answer 25

This is lichenification, a secondary lesion caused perhaps by chronic rubbing of a primary lesion such as a plaque or a nodule which led to chronic irritation.

Question 26

How would you distinguish between a macule and a papule in a skin examination?

Answer 26

A macule is a flat, non-palpable lesion less than 1 cm in diameter, while a papule is an elevated, solid lesion also less than 1 cm in diameter.