Extra Resources-cardiac

Question 1

The evaluation of a child with anemia should begin with a thorough history and risk assessment

Answer 1

Characterizing the anemia as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic based on the mean corpuscular volume will aid in the workup and management

Question 2

Microcytic anemia due to iron deficiency is the most common type of anemia in children.

Answer 2

recommend routine screening for anemia at 12 months of ag

Question 3

Normocytic anemia may be caused by

Answer 3

congenital membranopathies, hemoglobinopathies, enzymopathies, metabolic defects, and immune-mediated destruction

Question 4

An initial reticulocyte count is needed to determine

Answer 4

bone marrow function

Question 5

Macrocytic anemia, which is uncommon in children, warrants subsequent evaluation for vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, hypothyroidism, hepatic disease, and bone marrow disorders

Answer 5

Iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) continue to be of worldwide concern. Among children in the developing world, iron is the most common single-nutrient deficiency

Question 6

Anemia: A hemoglobin (Hb) concentration 2 SDs below the mean Hb concentration for a normal population of the same gender and age range

Question 7

Adequate fluid intake is important.
Painful crises should be managed with NSAIDs (but not aspirin as it aggravates abdominal pain).
Diets rich in leafy green, red, and yellow vegetables may be useful for SCD crisis prevention.
Diet void of refined foods to include sugars, fried food, and alcohol.
Smoking cessation.
Crowded and unclean environments and high altitudes are to be avoided.
Prophylactic antibiotic treatment is generally recommended.
Referral to an appropriate specialist is indicated when condition is refractory to standard treatments as outlined within this article.

Answer 7

sickle cell anemia