Pectoral Region And Breast Flashcards
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What is fascia
Connective tissue surrounding muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels and nerves, binding some structures together while permitting others to slide smoothly over each other.
Clavicle appears by … weeks of intra uterine life
5th and 6th
The first bone to begin to ossify is
Clavicle
Which muscles are attached to the clavicle
Lateral third
Trapezius
Deltoid
Medial third
Subclavian
Pectoralis major
Sternocleidomastoid
Where is the subckavius muscle attached
Inferior groove of clavice
Pectoralis major attached ?
Anterior surface of clavicle
Clavicle demarcated zones of lymphatic drainage. Which zones are these
Above clavicle lymph drains into inferior jugular nodes
Below clacicel lymph drains to axillary nodes
Functions of clavicle
Attachment to muscles
Holds brachium away from trunk
Transmits forces from upper limb to axial skeleton
Attaches upper limb to axial skeleton at sternoclavicular joint. Sole articulation of upper limb to trunk
Where is jugular notch located
Inferior border of T2 vertebra
Manubrium located where?
T3 and T4 vertebral bodies
Location of body of sternum
T5-T9 vertebrae
Action of pectoralis major
Medial rotator and powerful adductor of arm.
When humerus is fixed, helps pull trunk over the arms
Clavicular head helps in flexion at shoulder joint
Nerve supply of pectoralis major
Medial and lateral pectoral nerve
Hypertrophy?
An increase and growth of muscle cells
Insertion of pectoralis minor?
Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scalpula
Action of pectoralis minor
Stabilizes scalpula bone with serrated anterior muscle by pulling it inferiority and anteriorly towards the thoracic wall. As in touching an object just out of reach.
Nerve supply of pectoralis minor
Medial pectoral nerve
Origin of subclavius muscle
1st rib, close to costochondral juction
Action of subclavius muscle
Stabilizes scalpula at sternoclavicular joint
In fracture of clavicle, serves a s cushion to prevent jagged edge from lacerating subclavian vessels
Serratus anterior origin and insertion
Series of digitations from upper 8 ribs and inner surface of scapula
Nerve supply of serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve
Clavipectorial fascia is pierced by ?
Cephalic vein, lateral pectoral nerve, thoracoacromial artery
Base of breast extends from?
2nd to 6th rib in the mid clavicular line
Nipple locater where?
4th intercostal space, lateral to mid clavicular line
Arterial supply to the breast is by?
Medial mammary branches of internal thoracic artery
Lateral mammary branches of lateral thoracic artery and anterior intercostal arteries
Branches from thorackaxromiank trunk (PACD)
Pectoral branch
Acromial branch
Clavicular branch
Deltoid branch
Veinous drainage of blood is by
Axillary vein and internal thoracic vein
Innervation of breast
Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches if 4th to 6th intercostal nerves
Most ot the lymph from the subareolar lymphatic plexus drains into the … via the…
Axillary lymph nodes via the anterior (pectoral) lymph nodes
Most of the remaining goes into the parasternal lymph nodes
Small amount goes into the opposite breasts
Skin dumpling of the breast is due to
Retraction or tension of the suspnsory ligaments as tumor begins to grow and occupy nore space
Polymastia and polythelia?
Supernumeray breasts and supernumerary nipples
Nb. Nipple development without breast tissue is amazia
Amastia is no breast at all
What is a breast abcess
Localized pocket of infection containing pus in breast tissue. When it happens in woman who recently gave birth, infection is known as postpartum mastitis
A post pubertal Male eith a large breast has a condition known as
Gynaecomastia. Due to hormonal imbalances. See klinefelter syndrome(xxy trisomy)
Deep fascia is made up of which type of connective tissue?
Dense
The important internal group features are
Secretory glands, lactiferous ducts and lactiferpus sinuses
Innervation of the breast
Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches 4th through 6th intercostal nerves
