Axilla And Bp Flashcards
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Axillary fascia?
Fascia forming floor of armpit
Axillary apex(cervical axillary canal) is bounded by
First rib medially, clavicle anteriorly and scalpula posteriorly
Axilla boundaries are
Apex, floor, 4 sides(anterior, posterior, lateral, medial)
The floor of the axilla extends from the arm to chest wall along
Rib 4
Anterior wall of the axilla has 2 layers. They are
Pectoralis major and deep pectoral fascia
Pectoralis minor and clavipectoral fascia
Also, anterior axillary fold
Posterior wall of axilla is formed by?
Scalpula subscalpularis Teresa major Latissimus dorsi Posterior axillary fold
Medial wall or axilla is formed by
Upper thoracic wall. First 4 ribs and associated icm and upper part of serratus anterior muscle
Lateral wall is formed by
Intertubercula sulcus of humerus. arrow and bony
Muscles of the axilla are
Biceps brachi and coracobrachialis
Function of biceps brachi
Supination and flexion of arm
Action of coracobrachialis
Flexor of arm at elbow joint
Where does axillary artery begin and end?
Outer border of first ribs and lower end of teres major muscle
Axilary artery is divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle. List the subdovidosns
Super thoracic
Thoracoacromial
Lateral thoracic
Subscalpular
Anterior circumflex humeral
Posterior circumflex humeral
Axillary is formed by
Basilic vein and basal comitantes of brachial artery
Lymph node groups
Posterior(subscalpular group) Anterior(pectoral group) Apical group Lateral(numeral group) Central nodes
How many spinal nerves are there
31 pairs
Where is the brachial plexus found and parts?
Root of the neck and axilla
Made up of roots trunks divisions cords and terminal branches
How is the brachial plexus formed
Union of the ventral ramus of the lower 4 cervical spinal nerves and the first thoracic nerve
The roots unite to form the superior middle and inferior trunks
Trunks divided into anterior and posterior divisions
The divisions of the trunks form three chords
Branches from roots of bp and functukns
Dorsal scapular nerve -supplies romboid muscles at the back
Long thoracic nerve - serratus anterior muscle
Nerve to subclavius - subclavius muscle
Superior trunk branches
Suprascapular nerve
Supply muscles on dorsal surface of scalpula
Lateral cord is made up of which nerves?
Lateral pectoral 5 6 7
Musculocutaneous 5 6 7
Lateral root of medial (5)6 7
Medial cord made up of which nerves
Medial pectoral 8 1 Medial cutaneous of forearm 8 1 Medial cutaneous of arm 8 1 Ulnar 7 8 1 Medial root of median 8 1
Posterior cord made up of
Upper subscalpular 5 6 Thoracodorsal 6 7 8 Lower subscalpular 5 6 Axillary 5 6 Radial 5 6 7 8 1
What are the 2 main variations of bp
Prefixed c4 to c8
And post fixed c6 to t2
Musculocitaneous nerve supplies?
Coracobrachialis and biceps brachi
Muscles in the anterior segment of forearm
Lateral pectoral nerve supplies?
Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
Upper plexus palsies occur
In the c5 and c6 roots and trunks
Causes of upper plexus palsies?
Excessibe increase in angle btn head and shoulder of an infant during birth
Severe fall on the side of the head and shoulder in adult.
Deformity(waiter hunting for a tip(erb duchenne paralyisis)
Sensory loss over lateral aspect of upper arm
Lower plexus causes?
Upward traction of arm causing excessive increase in angle btn trunk and arm. Eg in a forcible breach delivery. Klumpke’s paralyisis
Cephalic vein found where?
Deltopectoral groove
Node that receives cancer cells first are called
Centinnel(pectoral/anterior group)
What are the general principles of limb innervation
- Nerves first form a plexus before they supply the limb
- Limbs are innervated by ventral rami
- Higher roots supply more proximal muscles and lower ones supply more distally located muscles
- Anterior divisions supply flexor muscles while posterior divisions supply extensors
- In cutaneous supply, higher rami supply the lateral part of the limb while lower ones supply the medial part
- hilton’s law states that for a moveable joint nerve supply of the joint is the same as nerve supply of muscles that act on the joint or nerves that cross the joint
