Lower Limb Anatomy

Question 1

Gluteal region ?

Answer 1

Region behind the pelv9s, extending from the iliac Crest superiority to the gluteal fold inferiorly

Question 2

Gluteal fold indicates?

Answer 2

Lower border of the gluteus maximus muscle

Question 3

Name of deep midline groove?

Answer 3

The natal(intergluteal) cleft

Question 4

How many tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges respectively

Answer 4

7, 5, 14

Question 5

The femur articulates with … proximally and…. distally

Answer 5

Acetabelum and tibia and patella

Question 6

Action of muscles in gluteal region

Answer 6

Extend, abduct and rotate the thigh at the hip joint

Question 7

Anterior compartment of thigh muscles action

Answer 7

Extend the leg at knee joint

Question 8

Muscles at the posterior compartment of thigh(hamstrings) action

Answer 8

Extend the thigh at hip joint and flex the leg at knee joint

Question 9

Medial compartment of thigh action

Answer 9

Adduct the thigh at the hip joint

Question 10

Anterior compartments if muscles of the leg action

Answer 10

Dorsiflex and extend the digits

Question 11

Posterior compartments of muscles of the leg

Answer 11

Plantarflex and flex the digit

Question 12

Lateral compartments of the foot

Answer 12

Evert the foot

Question 13

Muscles of the foot action

Answer 13

Support the arches of the foot

Question 14

What are the muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 14

Obturator internus 
Gemellus superior (on top of a)
Gemellus inferior  (below a) 
Piriformis ( above a a little) 
Gluteus minimus (above piriformis a little)
Gluteus medius  (covers minimus)
Gluteus maximus (covers all except some part of medius and tensor fascia lata)
Tensor fascia lata (lateral side)
Quadratus femoris

Note. Sciatic nerve directly under piriformis

Question 15

Superior gluteal nerve supplies?

Answer 15

L4, l5, s1

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascia lata

Question 16

Inferior gluteal nerve supplies

Answer 16

L5 s1 s2

Gluteus maximus

Question 17

Nerve to obturator internus supplies

Answer 17

L5, s1, s2

Obturator internus
Gemellus superior

Question 18

Nerve to quadratus femoris supplies

Answer 18

L4 l5 s1

Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femorus

Question 19

Why is the gluteal region usually designated site for injection

Answer 19

Large number of muscles. Less chance of damaging a nerve. Also, intramuscular injection enables a large amount of drug to be introduced at once but absorbed gradually

Question 20

What is the safe area for gluteal injection

Answer 20

Outer upper quadrant

Question 21

Femoral triangle is bounded by

Answer 21

Sartorious laterally
Adductor longus medially
Inguinal ligament superiorly

Question 22

Contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 22

Femoral van, lymph nodes

Question 23

Popliteal fossa boundaries?

Answer 23

Biceps femoris - superior lateral
Semitendinosis + semimembranosid (superior medial)
Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)

Plantaris very close to lateral gastrocnemius

Question 24

Contents of popliteal fossa

Answer 24

Popliteral va

Common fibula nerve laterally
Tibial nerve medially

Branches of sciatic nerve

Question 25

Illiopsoas attaches?

Answer 25

Below the lesser trochanter

Question 26

Anterior compartment of leg muscles supplied by?

Answer 26

Deep fibular nerve

Question 27

Tibialis anterior action and origin and insertion

Answer 27

Dorsiflexion, foot inversion

Tibia, tarsals

Question 28

Extensor digitprum longus action and origin and insertion

Answer 28

Toe extension
Tibia and fibula
Phalanges

Question 29

Extensor hallucis longus

Answer 29

Origin : fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: big toe
Action: extend big toe, dorsiflex foot

Question 30

Lateral compartment muscles innervated

Answer 30

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 31

Superficial posterior compartment innervated by

Answer 31

Tibial nerve