Pectoral Musculature

Question 1

Name the heads of the Pec Major

Answer 1

clavicular head and sterno-costal head

Question 2

attachment sites of the pec major heads

Answer 2

clavicular head - medial clavicle
sterno-costal head - lateral sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 2-6, and theexternal abdominal oblique aponeurosis

Question 3

where do the fibers of the pec major insert?

Answer 3

lateral crest of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 4

motions of the pec major? which fibers?

Answer 4

sternocostal head :
adduction of arm
internal rotation of arm
horizontal flexion
extend the arm from flexed position

clavicular head:
shoulder flexion

Question 5

what is the anterior axillary fold?

Answer 5

fold of tissue that makes the anterior wall of the axilla by the lateral border of pec major

Question 6

what encases the pec minor?

Answer 6

clavipectoral fascia

Question 7

where does the pec minor attach

Answer 7

ribs 3-5 to the coracoid process

Question 8

what is the motion of the pec minor

Answer 8

draws scapula inferiorly and anteriorly
stabilizes and depresses the shoulder

Question 9

what are the layers of the intercostal muscles

Answer 9

External Intercostal muscle
internal intercostal muscle
innermost intercostal muscle

Question 10

where does the external intercostal muscle attach

Answer 10

lower border of the ribs to the upper border of the rib below

Question 11

what fiber direction does the external intercostal muscle have

Answer 11

inferiomedial fibers
“hands in the pocket”

Question 12

what does the external intercostal muscle do?

Answer 12

elevates ribs for inspiration

Question 13

what does the external intercostal muscle turn into?

Answer 13

becomes anterior membrane

Question 14

what is the attachment point of the internal intercostal muscles

Answer 14

inner surface of the rib to the upper border of the rib below

Question 15

how do the fibers of the internal intercostal muscles run?

Answer 15

inferolaterally
opposite of external intercostal muscles

Question 16

what does the internal intercostal muscle turn into?

Answer 16

internal intercostal membrane

Question 17

what is the internal intercostal muscle’s action

Answer 17

depression of the ribs during forced expiration

Question 18

where can the innermost intercostal muscles be found?

Answer 18

lateral thoracic wall (angles of the ribs)

Question 19

what innervates the intercostal muscles? what is the nerve accompanied by?

Answer 19

intercostal spinal nerve
intercostal artery/vein to form a neurovascular bundle

Question 20

where is the intercostal nerve?

Answer 20

between innermost and internal intercostal muscle

Question 21

where is the trasversus thoracis?

Answer 21

internal aspect of the anterior thoracic wall

Question 22

where does the transversus thoracis attach

Answer 22

xiphoid process / lower body of sternum to ribs2-6

Question 23

what does the trasnversus thoracis do?

Answer 23

lowering the ribs during forced expiration

Question 24

what are the movements of the thorax walls during respiration

Answer 24

vertically
transversely
anterioposteriorly

Question 25

what is occuring during vertical expansion of the thorax?

Answer 25

diaphragm contraction and extension of thoracic spine

Question 26

what is occuring during transverse thoracic expansion

Answer 26

bucket-handle movement of ribs

Question 27

what occurs during anterioposterior thorax expansion

Answer 27

elevation of sternum like a pump handle and anterior ends of ribs

Question 28

what are the branches of the thoracic artery?

Answer 28

anterior intercostal arteries
musculophrenic artery
superior epigastric artery

Question 29

where does the internal thoracic artery run

Answer 29

parallels the lateral border of the sternum in the anterior wall of thorax
level of the 6th costal cartilage

Question 30

anterior intercostal artery supplies the…

Answer 30

thorax, intercostal muscles, medial breast and skin anteriorly

Question 31

the musculophrenic artery supplies…

Answer 31

terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery to intercostal spaces 7, 8, & 9.

Question 32

what is the thoracoacromial trunk? what does it divide into?

Answer 32

short branch of axillary artery

pectoral, clavicular, deltoid, acromial branches

Question 33

what is the SALT?

Answer 33

serratus anterior supplied by long thoracic (artery/nerve)

Question 34

what does the thoracic cavity contain

Answer 34

pleural sacs, cavities, lungs and mediastina

Question 35

what does the parietal pleura line

Answer 35

costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, and cervical region

Question 36

what is the “skin” of the lung

Answer 36

visceral pleura

Question 37

what is the transitional area between visceral and parietal pleura

Answer 37

root of the lung

Question 38

what is a a plueral reflection

Answer 38

when one region of parietal pleura transitions to a different region

Question 39

what is a pleural recess? how much space is there usually

Answer 39

potential space is unoccupied by the lungs (2 rib difference)

Question 40

what innervates the parietal pleura? where is pain found?

Answer 40

somatic fibers / locally

Question 41

what is the name of the specific somatic nerve that innervates the pluera?

Answer 41

phrenic nerve / referred pain

Question 42

where is the apex of the lung?

Answer 42

base of the neck superoanteriror to first rib

Question 43

where is the base of the lung?

Answer 43

diaphragmatic surface

Question 44

where is the hilus? what is important about this area?

Answer 44

mediastinal surface
where veins, bronchi, arteries leave the lung

Question 45

how many lobes does the right lung have vs the left

Answer 45

3 vs 2

Question 46

name the fissures of the right lung

Answer 46

oblique and horizontal

Question 47

what innervates the lung?

Answer 47

vagal parasympathetic and thoracic sympathetic fibers