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Anatomy > Back Muscles > Flashcards

Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

how are the muscles of the back organized?

A

extrinsic and intrinsic

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2
Q

what is the purpose of the extrinsic muscles? Intermediate muscles?

A

extrinsic - movement of the upper extremity
intermediate - assist in breathing

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3
Q

what are the superficial extrinsic muscles?

A

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboideus minor / major
levator scapulae

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4
Q

what innervates the extrinsic muscles?

A

branches of the ventral rami

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5
Q

what are the origins of the trapezius?

A

superior nuchal line
spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

where does the trapezius insert?

A

acromion of scapula
anterior portion of clavicle
spine of the scapula

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7
Q

what action does the upper division of the trapezius allow for?

A

elevation of scapula
retraction of glenoid fossa superiorly
retraction of scapula
lateral flexion of head

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8
Q

what action does the middle division of the trapezius allow for?

A

retraction of scapula

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9
Q

what action does the lower division of the trapezius allow for?

A

depression of scapula
assists in rotation of scapula

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10
Q

what occurs when the upper and lower divisions of the trapezius are contracted?

A

rotation of scapula by elevating glenoid fossa
rotation allows for upper extremity to abduct and reach.

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11
Q

what nerve supplies the trapezius?

A

Cranial Nerve XI / spinal accessory nerve

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12
Q

what is the cranial nerve xi / accessory nerve?

A

joining of fibers from cranial nerve x and segments of C3,4

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13
Q

what is the arterial supply of the trapezius?

A

superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery

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14
Q

what is the test to see if there is innervation or muscle damage for the trapezius?

A

shrugging of shoulders against resistance

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15
Q

what does the trapezius’s name mean?

A

irregular

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15
Q

what does the latissimus dorsi’s name mean?

A

widest

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15
Q

where does the latissimus dorsi originate? where does it insert?

A

thoracolumbar fascia at TV6 to LV5 and iliac crest to the intertubercular groove of humerus

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15
Q

where does the latissimus dorsi extend to?

A

intertubercular groove of the humerus

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16
Q

what actions does the latissimus dorsi allow?

A

IR of humerus
adduction of humerus
extension of humerus

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17
Q

what nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve at C6,7,8

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18
Q

what artery supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal branch of axillary artery

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19
Q

what is the test for the latissimus dorsi?

A

pull up

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20
Q

where does the levator scapulae attach?

A

from transverse processes of CV1-4 to the medial border of the scapula

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21
Q

what nerve innervates the levator scapulae?

A

Cranial nerves 3&4 / dorsal scapular

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22
Q

what artery supplies the levator scapulae?

A

transverse cervical artery

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23
Q

what action does the levator scapulae permit?

A

elevation of scapula

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24
Q

where does the rhomboid major attach?

A

from spinous process of TV2-TV5 to medial border of scapula inferior to spine

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25
Q

where does the rhomboid minor attach?

A

from spinous process of CV7-TV1 to the medial border of the scapula at level of spine

26
Q

what nerve supplies the rhomboids?

A

dorsal scapular (C5) from brachial plexus

27
Q

what artery supplies the rhomboids?

A

transverse cervical artery deep branch

28
Q

what actions do the rhomboids permit?

A

retraction of scapula obliquely to
depress the glenoid fossa

29
Q

where does the serratus anterior attach?

A

from the medial border of scapula on the anterior surface and extend to ribs 1-8/9

30
Q

what action does the serratus anterior allow for?

A

assists the trapezius in rotation of scapula. draws vertebral edge down obliquely, allowing for glenoid fossa to elevate

31
Q

what is the function of the serratus anterior?

A

holds scapula tight to the ribcage

32
Q

what nerve innervates the serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve of cranial nerves 5,6,7 from the brachial plexus

33
Q

what is the test for the serratus anterior? if damage to the nerve, what is the diagnosis?

A

one is to push against a wall. damage to the muscle or nerve will result in winging of the scapula

34
Q

what information is provided by the ventral root? dorsal root?

A

ventral = motor
dorsal = sensory

35
Q

what type of information is provided by the ventral ramus? what muscles does it innervate?

A

sensory and motor info
supply extrinsic muscles, body wall, and extremities via brachial plexus

36
Q

what is the function of the dorsal ramus?

A

provide sensory and motor information to the intrinsic back muscles

37
Q

what are the intermediate back muscles?

A

serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior

38
Q

where does the serratus posterior superior attach?

A

spinous process of CV7-TV3 to ribs 2-4

39
Q

what is the nerve supply for the serratus posterior superior/inferior?

A

intercostal nerve

40
Q

what is the artery supply for the serratus posterior superior/inferior?

A

branches of the intercostal artery

41
Q

what action does the serratus posterior superior aid in? the inferior?

A

superior - lifts rib cage during inhalation/inspiration

inferior - depresses rib cage during exhalation

42
Q

what nerve supplies the intrinsic back muscles?

A
43
Q

what are the superficial intrinsic back muscles?

A

splenius capitis
splenius cervicis

44
Q

what is the attachment point for the splenius capitis and cervicis?

A

CV7-TV6 to transverse process of CV1-4

45
Q

what nerve supplies the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

dorsal rami of cervical nerve

46
Q

what action do the superficial intrinsic muscles of the back allow for?

A

unilateral = lateral flexion at same side
bilateral = extension of neck

47
Q

what is the name of the group of muscles that makes up the intermediate intrinsic muscles?

A

erector spinae

48
Q

what muscles make up the erector spinae?

A

spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis

49
Q

the spinalis muscle has three parts. what are they?

A

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

50
Q
A

spinous process of lumbar and inferior thoracic vertebrae to many levels superior.

51
Q

where does the longissimus attach?

A

transverse process of an inferior level to transverse process several vertebral levels above.

52
Q

what are the three regions of the iliocostalis?

A

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

53
Q

where does the iliocostalis attach?

A

iliac crest or transverse processof lumbar vertebrae to ribs several vertebral levels higher.

54
Q

what nerve supplies the erector spinae?

A

dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerve

55
Q

what actions do the erector spinae allow?

A

unilateral - lateral flexion
bilateral - extension of vertebral column

56
Q

what is the name of the grouping of deep intrinsic back muscles?

A

transverospinal muscles

57
Q

what muscles make up the transverospinal muscles? superficial to deep

A

semispinalis
multifidus
rotatores

58
Q

where do the semispinalis muscle fibers extend to?

A

extend several vertebral levels above
below nuchal line (capitis)
spinous process of cervical / throacic region (cervicis/thoracis)

59
Q

where does the multifidus attach?

A

transverse process to spinous process about 4 vertebral levels superior

60
Q

where do the rotatores muscles attach?

A

extend about 1 vertebral level superior to it

61
Q

what are the actions allowed by the rotatores? what is different about this action?

A

rotatores allow for rotation. the transverse process is fixed, pulling the spinous process toward it. rotation will occur opposite of contraction.

ex - contraction of right rotatores will rotate the spine to the left

62
Q

what are the levels of the semispinalis?

A

capitis, cervicis, throacis

63
Q

what are the multiple levels of the multifidus?

A

cervicis, throacis, lumborum

64
Q

what are the levels of the rotatores?

A

cervicis, throacis, lumborum

65
Q

what is the name of the nerve segment of that reaches through the superficial back muscles to the skin allowing for sensory information?

A

cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami

66
Q

what merger forms the dermatome pattern in the body?

A

when cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami meet with cutaneous branches of the ventral rami.

Anatomy (19 decks)

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