Pectoral girdle and shoulder Flashcards
what is the function of the upper limb?
Proximal (larger) muscles position hand
Distal (smaller) muscles for fine motor movements
Locomotion
what are the superficial veins of the upper limb?
Cephalic
Basilic
dorsal venous arch
what is venepuncture?
-Often done for blood collection or intravenous fluid/drug administration
-Commonly done through the median cubital vein (MCV)
-MCV connects the basilic vein to the cephalic vein
what are the three plexuses of the nervous system?
Cervical- supplying the neck
Brachial- supplying upper limb
Lumbosacral- supplying lower limb
what innervates the upper limb?
The brachial plexus
what forms the brachial plexus?
the anterior rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves
What are the main branches of the brachial plexus?
- Axillary
- Radial
- Musculocutaneous
- Median
- Ulnar
what does the axillary nerve supply?
Deltoid and teres minor
what does the radial nerve supply?
Posterior arm and forearm muscles
what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Coracobrachialis
what does the median and ulnar nerve supply?
Anterior forearm and hand muscles
what makes up the pectoral girdle?
scapula and clavicle
what is the function of the pectoral girdle?
Attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton
what is the function of the pectoral girdle ligaments?
-Limit movement
-Provide stability
what does the pectoral girdle protect?
Veins
Arteries
Nerves
what are the features of clavicle fracture?
Easily fractured
- commonly due to force from falling onto outstretched limb
- Medial fragment is pulled superiorly by sternocleidomastoid
- Lateral fragment drops because of gravity (may also be pulled medially by pectoralis major)
what attaches at the subscapular fossa of the scapula?
Subscapularis
what attaches at the superior angle of the scapula?
levator scapulae
where does the scapula articulate with the sholder?
glenoid fossa
what is a saddle joint?
In saddle joints (biaxial), saddle-shaped heads permit movement in two different planes
what is the sternoclavicular joint?
between the sternum and clavicle
- saddle synovial joint, allowing biaxial movement
- has an articular disc
what is the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial plane joint, allowing sliding movement
- has an incomplete articular disc
- extrinsic ligaments help stabilize the joint
what are the key ligaments of the pectoral girdle?
- coraclavicular
- acromioclavicular
- coracoacromial
what is the function of the pectoral girdle ligaments?
help stabilize the pectoral girdle
what is the glenohumeral joint?
joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
- synovial ball and socket joint
- wide range of movement
what are the features of the glenohumeral joint?
Relatively unstable and required external stabilization from
-ligaments and muscles
-Glenoid labrum
-capsule
what direction does dislocation of the glenohumeral joint most commonly happen?
mostly happens inferiorly
