Forearm and Hand Flashcards
what type of joint is the elbow joint?
Synovial hinge joint
what id the function of the elbow joint?
Foreamr flexion and extension
what makes up the elbow joint?
-Humerus
-Ulna
-Radius
where does biceps brachii attach to the radius?
at the radial tuberosity
where does brachialis attach to the ulna?
Coronoid process
what joint is between the radius and ulna?
proximal radio-ulnar joint
what type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
synovial joint between the radial head and the radial notch of the ulna
what is the function of the proximal radio-ulna joint?
pronation and supernation
what is the mechanism of a pivot joint?
In pivot joints, a rounded process of bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket, permitting rotation
what ligament supports the proximal radioulnar joint?
Anular ligament
what are the features of the anular ligament?
-Laxity in childhood
-Yanking movements can dislocate the radius
-Potential damage to ligament
what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?
Synovial pibot joint
what does the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint allow?
Allow twisting of the joint capsule during pronation
what is the function of the distal radiounlar joint?
supernation and pronation
what is pronation?
when the palm is faced down
what is supernation?
when the palm is faced upwards
what is the cubital fosa?
A triangluar space in the forearm
what muscles border the cubital fosa?
Pronator teres
Brachiorsialis
Epicondyles
what structures are nearby the cubital fosa?
Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Medial cubital vein
Brachial artery
Medial nerve
what are the pronators of the forearm?
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
what are the supinators of the forearm?
Biceps brachii
Supinator
where are the flexors in the forearm?
In the anterior compartment
where are the extensors of the forearm?
In the posterior compartment
what is the function of the forearm muscles?
Useful for control and forceful movements of the wrist and hand
what does the brachial artery divide into?
Radial and ulnary arteries
where does the ulnar artery run?
along the ulnar
where does the radial artery run?
along the radius
where can a pulse be easily palpated?
In the distal radial artery and ulnar artery
what innervates the anterior muscles of the forearm?
Median nerve- supplies most of the forearm muscles
Ulnar nerve- supplies some forearm muscles
what innervates the posterior muscles of the forearm?
The radial nerve
what does the median nerve innervate?
-most forearm muscles
-some hand muscles
-skin of 3 1/2 fingers
what does the ulnar nerve innervate?
-some forearm muscles
-most hand muscles
-skin of 1 1/2 fingers
what is wrist drop?
Weakness or paralysis on extensor muscles in the forearm, the wrist remains in a flexed postion
what type of joint is the wrist joint?
Ellipsoid (condyloid) synovial joint
what is the wrist joint between?
The radius and proximal carpals
what are the movements of the wrist?
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
what is a condyloid joint?
Condyloid joints (biaxial) permit flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction
what type of joints are the intercarpal joints?
Synovial plane joints
what are the proximal carpal bones, lateral to medial?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform
SLTP (SlutP)
what are the distal carpal bones, lateral to medial?
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
TTCH (TiTwitch)
what runs through the carpal tunnel?
the median nerve
what bones form the carpal arch?
Pisiform
Traquetrum
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Tubercle
what are the bones of the digits?
Metacarpals (proximal)
Phalanges (distal)
what is the function of the hand?
- Manipulation
- Sensation
- Interaction with environment
- Joints within hands are synovial joints
what movement can occur at the inter-phalangeal joints?
flexion and extension
what movement can occur at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints?
Flexion, extension
Abduction, adducation
Circumduction
what is the carpo-metacarpal joint 1?
joint at the thumb
Important for opposition
what is the function of the carpo-metacarpal joints 2-5?
Minimal movement
what is the arterial supply to the hand?
Radial and ulnar arteries form superficial and deep palmar arches in the hand
- these arches brach into the digits
what is the venous supply of the hand?
- the dorsal side of the hand has the dorsal venous network
- Cephalic vein originates from the laterial side
- Basilic vein originates from the medial side
what is the function of the intrinsic hand muscles?
for fine motor control
what are the intrinsic hand muscles?
Thenar and hypothenar muscles are for thumb and digit 5 movements
- Interossei muscles
when are the thenar and hypothenar muscles of the hand used?
In grips, precise movement and control of the digits
what is the function of the interossei muscles of the hand?
Digit abduction and adduction
