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Structure/function 1 lab > Pectoral Girdle and Appendages > Flashcards

Pectoral Girdle and Appendages Flashcards

1
Q

pectoral girdle

A
  • support the arm and links it to the axial skeleton
    1. ) clavicle
    2. ) scapula
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2
Q

sternal end clavicle

A

-forms sternoclaviculear joint with clavicle notch on sternum

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3
Q

acrominal end clavicle

A

-forms acrominoclavicular joint

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4
Q

scapula

A

-over ribs 2-7

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5
Q

glenoid fossa/cavity

A
  • scapula
  • attachment to head of humerus
  • forms glenohumeral joint
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6
Q

coracoid process

A
  • scapula

- attachment point for arm muscles

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7
Q

acromion process

A
  • scapula
  • articulates with clavicle
  • only bridge from appendicular to axial skeleton
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8
Q

supraspinous fossa

A
  • scapula

- attachment site for muscles

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9
Q

infraspinous fossa

A
  • scapula

- attachment site for muscles

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10
Q

subscapular fossa

A
  • scapula

- attachment site for muscles

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11
Q

upper limbs

A
  • 30 bones/limb
  • divided into 4 segments
    1. ) humerus
    2. ) radius
    3. ) ulna
    4. ) carpals
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12
Q

humerus head

A

-articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

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13
Q

greater tubercle

A
  • humerus

- attachment site for muscles

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14
Q

lesser tubercle

A
  • humerus

- attachment site for muscles

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15
Q

intertubercular sulcus

A
  • humerus

- houses tendon for bicep

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16
Q

surgical neck

A
  • humerus

- common fracture site

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17
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A
  • humerus

- insertion point for deltoid muscle of shoulder

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18
Q

trochlea

A
  • humerus
  • medial condyle
  • articulates with ulna
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19
Q

capitulum

A
  • humerus
  • lateral condyle
  • articulates with radius
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20
Q

medial epicondyle

A
  • humerus
  • protects ulnar nerve, which runs along back of elbow
  • “funny bone”- bumping stimulates ulnar nerve
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21
Q

olecranon fossa

A
  • humerus

- accommodates olecranon process on ulna when arm EXTENDED

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22
Q

coronoid fossa

A

-accommodates coronoid process of ulna when forearm is FLEXED

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23
Q

radius ID

A

-goes to thumb

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24
Q

radius head

A
  • articulates with spins on capitulum of humerus

- articulates with spins on radial notch of ulna

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25
Q

radial tuberosity

A

-insertion point for biceps muscle

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26
Q

ulnar notch

A
  • radius

- articulates with end of ulna

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27
Q

styloid process radius

A

-can be palpated proximal to thumb

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28
Q

ulna ID

A
  • has a “u”

- goes to pinky

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29
Q

trochlear notch

A
  • ulna

- articulation (wraps around) w/ trochlea of humerus

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30
Q

olecranon

A

-ulna
-posterior side of trochlear notch
bony pt elbow

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31
Q

styloid process ulna

A

-can palpate on lateral side of wrist

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32
Q

carpals (8)

A
  • bones that allow wrist movements
    1. ) scaphoid
    2. ) lunate
    3. ) triquetrum
    4. ) pisiform (sesamoid bone)
    5. ) trapezium
    6. ) trapezoid
    7. ) capitate
    8. ) hamate
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33
Q

phalanges

A
  • bones of finger

- singular “phalanx”

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34
Q

pollux

A
  • thumb

- 2 phalanges, as opposed to 3 like other digits

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35
Q

proximal phalange

A

-btw metacarpal and int. phalanx

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36
Q

intermediate phalanx

A

-btw proximal and distal

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37
Q

distal phalanx

A

-top of digits

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38
Q

pectoralis minor origin

A

-ribs 3-5

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39
Q

pectoralis minor insertion

A

-coracoid process of scapula

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40
Q

serratus anterior origin

A
  • nearly all ribs

- then wraps laterally around chest, passes across back and between scapula and ribs

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41
Q

serratus anterior insertion

A

-on medial (vertebral) border of scapula

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42
Q

serratus anterior contraction

A

-scapula glides laterally and slightly forward around ribs

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43
Q

serratus anterior function

A
  • protracts scapula
  • prime mover in all forward-reaching and pushing actions
  • aids in elevating apex of shoulder
  • fixes shoulder during abduction of arm
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44
Q

trapezius function

A
  • stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements
  • elevates/depresses apex of shoulder
  • acts w/ other muscles to rotate and retract scapula
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45
Q

rhomboideus minor origin

A

-spinous process of vertebrae C7-T1

46
Q

rhomboideus minor insertion

A

-medial border of scapula

47
Q

rhomboideus minor function

A
  • retracts scapula ad braces shoulder

- fixes scapula during arm movements

48
Q

pectoralis major origin

A
  • medial half of clavicle
  • lateral margin of sternum
  • costal cartilages 1-7
49
Q

pectroalis major insertion

A

-intertubercular sulcus of humerus

50
Q

pectoralis major function

A
  • flexion of arm
  • adduction of arm
  • medial rotation of arm
  • hugging, climbing
51
Q

latissimus dorsi origin

A
  • vertebrae T7-L5
  • lower ribs 3-4
  • iliac crest (top of hip)
52
Q

latissimus dorsi insertion

A

-intertubecular sulcus of humerus

53
Q

latissimus dorsi functions

A
  • adduction of humerus
  • medial rotation of humerus
  • extends shoulder joint (rowing)
  • backward swing of arm (bowling)
  • ulls body forward and upward when reaching high
  • deep inspiration
  • sudden expiration (sneeze/cough)
  • prolonged forceful expiration (sing)
54
Q

deltoid origin

A

-acromion and spine of scapula

55
Q

deltoid insertion

A

-deltoid tuberosity of humerus

56
Q

deltoid function

A
  • flexion and medial rotation of arm (ant fibers)
  • abduction of arm (post fibers)
  • arm swinging
57
Q

teres major origin

A

-inferior scapula

58
Q

teres major insertion

A

-intertubecular sulcus of humerus

59
Q

teres major function

A
  • extension and medial rotation of humerus

- contributes to arm swinging

60
Q

rotator cuff

A
  • formed by TENDONS of SITS muscles
  • forms partial sleeve around proximal end of humerus
  • reinforces joint capsule that hold head of humerus in glenoid vacity
  • easily damaged by strenuous circumduction or hard blow to shoulder
61
Q

rotator cuff muscles origin

A

-scapula

62
Q

rotator cuff muscles insertion

A

-tubercles of humerus

63
Q

SITS muscles

A

S- supraspinatus
I- infraspinatus
T- teres minor
S- subscapularis

64
Q

supraspinatus

A
  • aids in abduction of arm

- resists downward slippage of humeral head when arm is relaxed or carrying weight

65
Q

infrapinatus

A
  • helps deltoid prevent humeral head from sliding upward

- lateral rotation of humerus

66
Q

teres minor

A
  • helps deltoid prevent humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted
  • lateral rotation of humerus
67
Q

subscapularis function

A
  • helps deltoid prevent humeral head from sliding upward as arm is abducted
  • medial rotation of humerus
68
Q

muscles with bellies in brachium (arm)

A
  1. ) brachialis
  2. ) biceps brachii
  3. ) triceps brachii
69
Q

brachialis origin

A

-anterior surface of distal half of humerus

70
Q

brachialis insertion

A

-coronoid process of ulna

71
Q

brachialis function

A

-prime mover of elbow flexion

72
Q

biceps brachii origin

A

-coracoid process and glenoid cavity (2 muscles)

73
Q

biceps brachii insertion

A

-radial tuberosity

74
Q

biceps brachii function

A
  • powerful or rapid supination of forearm

- synergist of elbow flexion

75
Q

triceps brachii origin

A

-scapula and humerus

76
Q

triceps brachii insertion

A

-olecranon

77
Q

triceps brachii function

A

-prime mover of elbow extension

78
Q

muscles with bellies in antebrachium (forearm)

A
  1. ) brachioradialis
  2. ) pronator quadratus
  3. ) pronator teres
  4. ) supinator
    * fused to glenohumeral joint on all sides EXCEPT inferior
79
Q

brachioradialis origin

A

-lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

80
Q

brachioradialis insertion

A

-near styloid process of radius (lateral)

81
Q

brachioradialis function

A

-flexes elbow

82
Q

pronator quadratus origin

A

-anterior, distal ulna

83
Q

pronator quadratus insertion

A

-anterior, distal radius

84
Q

pronator quadratus function

A

-prime mover of pronation

85
Q

pronator quadratus/teres contraction

A
  • produces changes in position of radius and ulna
  • radius crosses ulna and goes from lateral to medial position
  • pro quad/teres ant in anatomical postion -> posterior after pronation
86
Q

pronator teres origin

A

-near medial epicondyle of humerus

87
Q

pronator teres insertion

A

-lateral surface of radial shaft

88
Q

pronator teres function

A

-pronation of forearm

89
Q

supinator

A
  • O: lateral epicodyle of humerus

- I: just distal to radial notch of ulna

90
Q

supinator function

A
  • supination of forearm

- when contracts, uncrosses radius and ulna

91
Q

flexor group

A
  • muscles acting on wrist/hand
  • located on anterior forearm
  • arise from common tendon on humerus
  • tendons at distal end pass under flexor retinaculum through carpal tunnel, extending to wrist and hands
92
Q

retinaculum

A

-bracelet-like sheet of connective tissue that protects tendons beneath it

93
Q

carpal tunnel

A

-tight space between flexor retinaculum and carpal bones

94
Q

prominent tendons on anterior side of wrist

A
  • from palmaris longus (medial side) and flexor carpi radialis (lateral) muscles
  • palmaris absent in 14% of people (left side)
95
Q

extensor group

A
  • muscle of wrist/hand
  • posterior side of forearm
  • share single tendon originating on humerus
  • insert on hand (metacarpals) or fingers
  • wrist and finger extensors
96
Q

lateral -> medial arrangement extensor group (from posterior view)

A

extensor carpi ulnaris -> extensor digiti minimi -> extensor digitorum -> extensor brevis

97
Q

tendons of extensor digitorum

A

-easily seen/palpated on back side of had when fingers strongly extended

98
Q

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

-joint between head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

99
Q

why loose joint capsule and shallow glenoid cavity of glenohumeral joint

A

-joint stability sacrificed for freedom of movement

100
Q

glenoid labrum

A

-ring of fibrocartilage in glenohumeral joint cavity around the margin

101
Q

what stabilizes glenohumeral joint

A

-biceps brachii muscle on anterior side of arm

102
Q

glenohumeral joint function

A
  • has a tendon passes through intertubercular groove of humerus and inserts on superior part of gelnoid cavity
  • acts like a strap to hold head of humerus against glenoid cavity
103
Q

protection of glenohumeral joint

A
  • protected from above by coracoid process, acromion, and clavicle
  • therefore, most common dislocation of joint is downward displacement of humerus
104
Q

ligaments that support glenohumeral joint

A

-5 total
3 glenohumeral
coracohumeral
transverse humeral

105
Q

bursaie of glenohumeral joint

A
  1. ) subdeltoid
  2. ) subacromial
  3. ) subcoracoid
  4. ) subscapular
106
Q

humeroulnar joint

A
  • hinge joint of elbow

- articulation of trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

107
Q

humeroacrodial joint

A
  • hinge joint of elbow

- articulation of capitulum of humerus and head of radius

108
Q

olecranon bursa

A
  • only bursa of elbow (anterior side)

- eases movement of tendons over the joint

109
Q

ligaments of elbow

A
  1. ) radial (lateral) collateral ligament
  2. ) ulnar (medial) collateral ligament
    - restrict side-to-side motions
110
Q

proximal radioulnar joint

A
  • joint of elbow (NOT hinge)
  • allows for pronation/supination
  • articulation between edge of head of radius and radial notch of ulna
  • radial head rotates like a wheel against ulna
111
Q

metacarpophalangeal joints

A
  • between metacarpals bones of hand and proximal phalanges of fingers
  • knuckles at base of fingers
112
Q

interphalangeal joints

A
  • between proximal and middle or middle and distal phalanges

- second and third knuckles

Structure/function 1 lab (6 decks)

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