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Structure/function 1 lab > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

tissue

A

-group of cells that work together to perform certain function

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2
Q

4 main tissues

A
  1. ) epithelial
  2. ) muscle
  3. ) connective
  4. ) nervous
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3
Q

longitudinal section

A

-frontal section

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4
Q

cross section

A

-transverse section

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5
Q

epithelial tissue

A
  • covers body surfaces
  • inside lining of hollow organs or tubes (GI tract, blood vessels, kidney tubules)
  • one side attached to other tissue and other side free (facing air or hollow part of organ/tube)
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6
Q

functions of epithelial tissue

A
  • exchange
  • transport
  • ciliated
  • protective
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7
Q

classification of epithelial tissue by layering

A
  1. ) simple
  2. ) stratified
  3. ) pseuodostratified
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8
Q

simple layering

A

-tissue is made of single layer of cells

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9
Q

stratified layering

A

-more than one layer of cells

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10
Q

pseudostratified

A
  • one layer of cells that are different heights, so looks like more than one layer
  • often under cilia
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11
Q

classification of epithelial tissue by cell shape

A
  1. ) squamous
  2. ) cuboidal cells
  3. ) columnar
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12
Q

squamous cells

A
  • look like flat fried eggs
  • squished nucleus
  • look kinda like a scale
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13
Q

cuboidal cells

A
  • look like cubes
  • round, centrally placed nucleus
  • best place to see is in the kidney tubules cross section aligning hollow center
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14
Q

columnar cells

A
  • look like columns
  • tall rectangles
  • nucleus tends to be at bottom (purple)
  • good place to find is lining of GI tract (stomach, intestine, etc)
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15
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

-layer of fried eggs

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16
Q

stratified squamous

A
  • pile of fried eggs
  • found in places that are prone to abrasion
  • two types
    1. ) non-keratinized
    2. ) keratinized
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17
Q

non-keratinized stratified squamous

A
  • layers of fired eggs, but lacking dead layer of cells
  • in places that have abrasion, but need to be moist
  • inside mouth, vagina, rectum
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18
Q

keratinized stratified squamous

A
  • multiple layers of fired eggs and top layer of dead squamous cells filled with keratin
  • in dry areas of abrasion
  • skin
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19
Q

keratin

A
  • protein
  • dead squamous cells
  • important in waterproofing and protecting from abrasion
  • in dead skin layer
  • generally can’t see nuclei, so looks like ribbon above tissue
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20
Q

simple cuboidal

A
  • single layer of cubes

* not studying stratified

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21
Q

simple colunar

A
  • single layer of columns
  • not studying stratified
  • will see pseudostratified
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22
Q

basement membrane

A

-what adheres the epithelium to the underlying tissue

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23
Q

goblet cells

A
  • produce mucus to aid in passage of food through GI tract

- always in columnar epithelium

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24
Q

cilia

A

-we look at it on top of either simple columnar or pseudotratified epithelium

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25
Q

simple squamous location

A
  • serous membranes (external) of stomach and intestines
  • alveoli of lungs
  • glomular capsules of kidneys
  • inner lining of heart and blood vessels
26
Q

simple squamous function

A
  • allow rapid diffusion/transport of substances through membrane
  • secrete lubricating serous fluid
27
Q

simple cuboidal location

A
  • kidney tubules
  • liver
  • thyroid
  • bronchioles
  • mammary and salivary glands
28
Q

simple cuboidal function

A
  • absorption and secretion
  • production of mucus coating
  • movement of respiratory mucus
29
Q

simple columnar location

A

-internal lining of stomach, intestines, gallbladder, uterus, uterine tubes

30
Q

simple columnar function

A
  • absorption
  • secretion of mucus and other products (*has goblet cells)
  • movement of egg/embryo
31
Q

pseudostratified columnar location

A
  • trachea (ciliated)
  • nasal cavity
  • bronchi
  • respiratory tract
32
Q

pseudostratified columnar function

A

-secretes and propels mucus

33
Q

stratified squamous non-keratinized location

A

-tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, anal canal, vagina

34
Q

stratified squamous non-keratinized function

A
  • resists abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms

- moist environments

35
Q

stratified squamous keratinized location

A

-epidermis (palms of hand/feet)

36
Q

stratified squamous keratinized function

A
  • resists abrasion and penetration by pathogenic organisms

- retards water loss through skin

37
Q

adipose tissue

A

-big round cells filled with lipid

38
Q

difference between adipose tissue and wall of lung

A
  • wall of lung is individual cells

- adipose tissue is single cell w/o individual cells surrounding each “hole”

39
Q

hyaline cartilage

A
  • white blobs are lacunae
  • cells are in lacunae (black)
  • in between lacunae is ground substance (clear)
  • bones during development before replaced by bone
40
Q

lacunae

A

-space that contains chondrocytes or osteocytes

41
Q

chondrocytes

A
  • referes to cartilage
  • cyte=cell
  • types of cells in lacunae
42
Q

perichondrium

A

-layers on outside of cartilage

43
Q

elastic cartilage

A
  • has lacunae
  • has chodrocytes
  • distinguishable by elastic fibers ini ground substance
  • flexible (ear)
44
Q

compact bone

A
  • bunch of circles
  • outside of all your bones
  • smooth
  • made of osteons
  • has central canals
45
Q

spongy (trabecular) bone

A
  • inside of all bones
  • aka: trabecular bone
  • not squishy, just looks like a sponge
  • picture on phone
46
Q

osteon

A

-like a tree trunk- the whole thing

47
Q

central canal

A

-location of blood vessels and nerves through compact bone

48
Q

canaliculi

A

-spider webs radiating out of central canal

49
Q

osteocytes

A
  • cells in bone
  • in lacunae
  • osteo=bone
50
Q

trabeculae

A

-pieces of spongy bone

51
Q

connective tissue

A
  • blood
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • adipose tissue
52
Q

RBC (erythrocyte)

A
  • no nucleus
  • only lives 120 days
  • function to carry oxygen
  • surround WBC on slide
53
Q

WBC (leukocyte)

A
  • different types of nuclei

- big purple cell surrounded by smaller RBCs

54
Q

muscle tissue

A
  • smooth muscle
  • skeletal muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • each only has one nucleus
  • long cells
55
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

A
  • each parallel bundle is a cell
  • multi-nucleated b/c they’re so long
  • striations (bands) perpendicular on bundles
  • voluntary
  • found all over body
56
Q

cardiac muscle

A
  • looks like skeletal muscle
  • only found in heart
  • striated
  • muscle fibers are NOT arranged in nice parallel rows
  • see spaces in between cells
  • branch
57
Q

why cardiac muscles brance

A

-wave of electrical activity can spread rapidly from top to bottom of heart

58
Q

intercalated disks

A
  • junctions between CARDIAC muscle cells, where there are lots of gap junctions
  • ONLY in cardiac tissue
  • hard to find stripes
59
Q

smooth muscle

A
  • abundant inside GI tract
  • walls of arteries and veins
  • does NOT have striations
  • look like long cells that are kinda clear and have nucleus
60
Q

nervous tissue

A
  • neuron
  • axons
  • dendrites
  • soma
  • surrounded by glial cells
61
Q

neuron

A

-send the signals

62
Q

glial cells

A
  • small cells surrounding neurons
  • support neurons
  • form BBB
  • remove waste around neurons
  • control chemical environment around neurons
  • scavenge for pathogens

Structure/function 1 lab (6 decks)

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