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Structure/function 1 lab > Brain & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal

A

-top of brain

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2
Q

ventral

A

-underside of brain

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3
Q

caudal

A

-toward back of head (medulla)

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4
Q

rostral

A

-toward front of head (cerebrum)

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5
Q

meninges

A
  • three connective tissue layers surrounding the brain

- dura -> arachnoid -> pia

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6
Q

pia mater

A
  • innermost layer of meninges
  • vascular layer
  • easily distinguished from arachnoid b/c dips into gyri and sulci, while arachnoid doesn’t
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7
Q

cerebral cortex

A
  • largest structure in dorsal view

- covers cerebrum

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8
Q

lobes of cerebral cortex

A
  • correspond to bones of skull
  • frontal
  • temporal
  • occipital
  • parietal
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9
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

-separates cerebral hemispheres

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10
Q

transverse fissure

A

-separates cerebellum from cerebral hemispheres

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11
Q

corpus callosum

A
  • deep in longitudinal fissure
  • thick transverse band of fibers
  • connects cerebral hemispheres
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12
Q

3 parts of corpus callosum

A
  1. ) genu
  2. ) body
  3. ) splenium
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13
Q

sulcus

A

-depression of convolution

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14
Q

gyrus

A

-raised area of convolution

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15
Q

tectum

A
  • 4 prominent swellings that form the roof of the midbrain

- 2 superior colliculi; 2 inferior colliculi

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16
Q

chroid plexus

A

-reddish-purple mass of blood vessels within the lateral ventricle

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17
Q

fornix

A

-band of white fibers that form a pathway that connects hippocampus w/ hypothalamus

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18
Q

cranial nerves basics

A
  • 12 pairs
  • first 2 pairs (olfactory and optic) originate in forebrain (olfactory and optic)
  • rest originate in brainstem
  • all ipsilateral besides optic and trochlear
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19
Q

cranial nerves function

A

-innervate skeletal muscles of head and neck (*except vagus)

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20
Q

contralateral cranial nerves

A
  • optic

- trochlear

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21
Q

olfactory nerve

A
  • I
  • afferent sensory nerve
  • fibers pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and synapse in olfactory bulb
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22
Q

olfactory nerve function

A

-smell fragrances/odors

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23
Q

optic nerve

A
  • II
  • afferent sensory nerve
  • fibers arise from retina of eye and converge from both eyes to form optic chiasma
  • fibers synapse in thalamus
  • CONTRALATERAL
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24
Q

optic nerve function

A

-ability to precisely see

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25
Q

vision testing

A

-use eye chart and test for point at which person first seen an object moving into visual field

26
Q

oculomotor nerve

A
  • III
  • efferent motor motor nerve
  • terminates skeletal muscles of eye and lens
27
Q

oculomotor nerve function

A
  • eye movements (object tracking)

- adjust pupil diameter via parasympathetic stimulation

28
Q

where does oculomotor nerve innervate

A
  1. ) extrinsic rectus ocular muscles

2. ) upper eyelid

29
Q

ptosis

A

-drooping of one or both eyelids

30
Q

trochlear nerve

A
  • IV
  • efferent motor nerve
  • terminates at skeletal muscle of eye
  • CONTRALATERAL
31
Q

trochlear nerve function

A
  • lateral movement of eye

- test by following pencil from side to side

32
Q

trigeminal nerve

A
  • V
  • terminates at pons (senses) and facial muscles associated w/ chewing
  • three divisions- each afferent sensory nerve; one also efferent motor nerve
33
Q

trigeminal sensory nerve division function

A

-general senses (touch, temp, pain) of entire face

34
Q

trigeminal motor nerve division fxn

A

-chew food

35
Q

test trigeminal nerve

A
  1. ) touch cornea w/ wisp of cotton (should blink)
  2. ) touch hot and cold objects to skin of face
  3. ) clenching teeth, opening mouth against resistance, moving jaw side to side
36
Q

abducens nerve

A
  • VI
  • efferent motor nerve fibers
  • terminates at skeletal muscle of eye
37
Q

abducens nerve function

A
  • lateral eye movements

- tested by following object from side to side

38
Q

facial nerve

A
  • VII
  • mixed nerve containing afferent sensory and efferent motor fibers
  • afferent terminate in thalamus (taste sensation)
  • 5 branches of motor fibers innervate glands and skeletal muscles of face
39
Q

motor facial nerve fibers fxn

A
  • facial expression
  • tear, nasal, salivary glands
  • test by doing various facial movements simultaneously
40
Q

sensory facial nerve fibers fxn

A
  • sense of taste

- test by exposing tongue to sweet, salty sour, and bitter substances

41
Q

vestribulocochlear nerve

A
  • VIII
  • afferent sensory nerve
  • originates from snes organs of inner ear
  • terminates at pons and medulla
42
Q

vestribulocochlear fxn

A
  • hearing (medulla)

- equilibrium (pons)

43
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A
  • IX
  • mixed
  • afferent fibers terminate at medulla oblongata
  • efferent fibers terminate at glands and skeletal muscle of oral cavity
44
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve afferent fibers fxn

A
  • taste (tongue)
  • general senses of tongue and pharynx
  • CO2 and O2 levels in blood
  • regulates BP and respiration
45
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve efferent fibers fxn

A
  • innervate tongue and pharynx

- tested by swallowing/coughing

46
Q

vagus nerve

A
  • X
  • only cranial nerve that extends below neck
  • mixed
  • terminates in medulla oblongata
47
Q

vagus efferent fiber fxn

A
  • parasympathetic
  • innervates heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera
  • regulates cardiovascular, digestion, and respiratory systems
48
Q

vagus afferent fiber fxn

A
  • innervate pharynx and larynx

- swallowing and speech

49
Q

accessory nerve

A
  • XI
  • primarily efferent motor
  • terminates at skeletal muscles of oral cavity and neck/shoulder
50
Q

accessory nerve fxn

A
  • swallowing
  • moving head, neck, shoulders
  • tested by rotating head and shrugging shoulders
51
Q

hypoglossal nerve

A
  • XII
  • primarily efferent motor nerve
  • terminates in muscles of tongue
52
Q

hypoglossal nerve fxn

A
  • tongue movements
  • speech
  • swallowing
  • test by protruding/retracting tongue in straight line
53
Q

cranial nerve mnemonic

A

Oh once one takes the anatomy final very good vacations are heavenly

54
Q

cranial nerve function mnemonic

A

some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more

55
Q

taste

A
  1. ) vagus
  2. ) facial
  3. ) glossopharyngeal
56
Q

chewing

A

-trigeminal

57
Q

swallowing

A

-accessory

58
Q

facial pain/touch

A

-trigeminal

59
Q

turn eyes laterally

A

abducens

60
Q

senses carotid BP

A

-glossopharyngeal

Structure/function 1 lab (6 decks)

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