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Locomotor > Pectoral girdle > Flashcards

Pectoral girdle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 parts of the arm? What are the divisions?

A

Parts:

  • Shoulder
  • Arm
  • Forearm
  • Hand

Divisions:

  • Axilla
  • Cubital fossa
  • Carpal tunnel
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2
Q

What is the pectoral girdle composed of posteriorly and anteriorly?

A

Posterior- Scapulae and clavicales (incomplete)

Anteriorly- Clavicle to sternum- (completed)

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3
Q

Elevate and depress your shoulder. Protract and retract your shoulder

A

Elevate- up

Depress- down

Protract- foward

Retract- backwards

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4
Q

What does the clavicle attach to? Name the associacted joints

A
  1. Attches to sternum- sternoclavicular joint
  2. Attches to acromion of scapula- Acromioclavicular joint
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5
Q

Main function of the clavicel?

A

Keep arm away from thorax

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6
Q

Look at this image of a fractured clavicle and explain the presenation

A

The action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is pulling the medial fragment (clavicle) superiorly (forwards)

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7
Q

Look at this X ray of a fractured clavicle, explain what the image is showing

A

The weight of the arm is dragging the lateral fragment downwards (inferiorly)

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8
Q

What is in danger when the clavicle is fractured? AKA what does the clavicale protect?

A

The brachial plexus

Major underlying vesseles (axillary artery and vein)

Apex of the lung

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9
Q

What is the scapula? Which ribs does it lie over?

A

Triangula flat bone

Lies over the 2nd and 7th ribs

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10
Q

Is there a joint between the scapula and the thorax? If so, name it

A

physiological scapulothoracic joint

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11
Q

Which mucles attache to he clavicle?

A

shoulder/ pectoral girdle mucles

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12
Q

What is the spine of the scapula? What does it seperate?

A

Ridge on the posterior side

Seperates the supraspinous fossa from the infraspinous fossa

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13
Q

What is the acromion?

A

Lateral end of the spine of the scpula- the point of the shoulder

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14
Q

What is the largest bone in the upper limb?

A

Humerous

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15
Q

What does the humerous articulate with? Name the joint

A

Articulates with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint

Articultes with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint

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16
Q

Describe the sternoclavicual jont

A

Lies between the clavicle and manubrium of the sternum

Only articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton

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17
Q

Where is the first costal cartilage loctated?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

18
Q

What do these images depict?

A

Dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint

19
Q

Describe the acromioclvicular joint

A

Connects the acromion and clavicle

2-3cm away from point of shoulder

No msucles across the AC joint

Mucles which move the scapula move the AC joint

20
Q

How does the Acromioclavicular joint move?

A

It has no msucles attcahed onto it

Mucles which move the scapula move the AC joint

21
Q

Describe the physiological scapulathoracic joint in terms of shoulder Abduction

A

Used for ABduction

head of humerous uses 90 degrees

Scapula needs to rotate to allow the remainder

–Uses serratus anterior (inferior) and trapezius (descending)

•For every 15o of shoulder abduction

–Glenohumeral joint gives 10o

–Scapulothoracic joint gives 5o

•So 180o of shoulder abduction

–120o occurs at glenohumeral joint

–60o occurs at scapulothoracic joint

22
Q

Explain the main features of the glenohumeral joint (label a picture of the joint and its ligaments)

A

Articulation between the head of the humerous and the genoid cavity

Shallow glenoid cavity deepned by glenoid labrum

The joint capsule is loose and baggy because head of the humerous is larger than the cavity

There are very little muscles to keep the joint in place

23
Q

Movments of the glenohumeral joint

A

–flexion-extension,

–abduction-adduction,

–medial and lateral rotation,

–circumduction (combination of all movements).

24
Q

Which mucsles are responsible for elavation of the scapular?

A

–Trapezius descending part

25
Q

Which muscles are responsible for the depression of the scapula

A

Non- its gravity

26
Q

Which muscle is responsible protraction of the scapula?

A

–Serratus anterior

27
Q

Which muscle is responsible retraction of the scapula?

A

–Trapezius middle part

28
Q

Which muscles are respinsible for the upward rotataion of the scapula?

A

–Trapezius descending part

–Serratus anterior inferior part

29
Q

Which muscle is responsible for the downward rotataion of the scapula

A

–Latissimus dorsi

30
Q

Which muscles are the chief flexors of the glenohumeral joint?

A

–pectoralis major (clavicular part)

–deltoid (anterior part)

31
Q

Which muscles are the chief extensors of the glenohumeral joint?

A

–latissimus dorsi

–deltoid (posterior fibres)

32
Q

Which muscles are the cheif abductors of the glenohumeral joint

A

–deltoid (all parts but especially central fibres)

–1st 10o of abduction initiated by supraspinatus

33
Q

Which muscles are the cheif adductors of the glenohumeral

A

–pectoralis major

–latissimus dorsi

34
Q

Which muscles stabilise the gelnohumeral joint and form the rotator cuff muscles

A

–Supraspinatus

–infraspinatus

–teres minor

–subscapularis

35
Q

Where does each rotator cuff muscle attach?

A

Greater tuberosity

–Supraspinatus

–infraspinatus

–teres minor

Lesser tuberosity

–subscapularis

36
Q

What is a Bursae?

A

Thin walled sac between bones, muscles and tendons/ Filled with synovial fluid.

Prevent painful friction

37
Q

What does a subacromial bursa cause?

A

Pain in abduction of the arm

38
Q

What componenets stabilise the gelenohumeral joint?

A

–Glenoid labrum

–Rotator cuff and glenohumeral ligaments

–Long head of biceps

–(muscles)

39
Q

What type of dislocation is common with the glenohumeral joint? Which nerve is most likely damaged?

A

Anterior dislocation- via strong flexor and adductor muscles

The axillary nerve

40
Q

What is the purpose of the elongated ‘S’ of the clavical?

A

It increases its resiliance

41
Q

Which muscles stabilise the joint during extension and flextion?

A

During flextion- Biceps brachii

During extension- Triceps brachii

42
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • Forms musculotendinous cuff around glenohumeral joint blending with articular capsule
  • Tonicly contracts to hold large humeral head in shallow glenoid cavity

Locomotor (12 decks)

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