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Locomotor > Neurovascular supply to the lower limbs > Flashcards

Neurovascular supply to the lower limbs Flashcards

1
Q

In this image label 1,2,3 and 4

A

1.Aorta

●

2.Common iliac artery

●

3.Internal iliac artery

●

4.External Iliac artery

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2
Q

List the main arteries of the anterior lower limb in order

A

Once the external iliac crosses the inguinal ligament it becomes femoral

popliteal

anterior tibial

Dorsarlis pedis

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3
Q

Name of artery around the femoral neck

A

Lateral circumflex femoral artey

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4
Q

List branches of the internal iliac artery

A

Superior gluteal artery

Obturator artery

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5
Q

Where does the inferior and superior gluteal arteres lie in relation to piriformis?

A

Superior gluteal- above piriformis

Inferior gluteal- Below piriformis

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6
Q

Bounderies of the femoral triangle. What is located there?

A

Medial: Adductor longus

Lateral: Sartorius

Superior: Inguinal ligament

Femoral nerve, artery, vein and and canal

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7
Q

What are the nerve roots for the femoral nerve?

A

L2,3,4

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8
Q

What lies within the femoral sheath of the ingunal triangle?

A

Femoral artery, vein and canal

The nerve is lies lateral to the sheath not within it

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9
Q

What is the saphanouse opening? What does through it?

A

Hole in the fascia lata of the leg

Branches of the femoral vein go through it to form the superficial veins

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10
Q

Where is the femoral pulse located

A

•Below inguinal ligament and mid-inguinal point

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11
Q

Attchments of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS and pubic symphysis

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12
Q

What forms the deep artery of the thigh?

A

Profonda femoris- branch of femoral artery

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13
Q

Which artery supplies (penetrates) the head of the femur?

A

Obturator artery

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14
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral

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15
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior/medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Profunda femoris medial and lateral circumflex arteries

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16
Q

When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

When it passes through the adductor hiatus

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17
Q

Describe the course of the popliteal artery and what it gives rise to

A

Runs posteriorly down the leg

Gives rise to psterior tibial artery

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18
Q

What part of the leg does the posterior tibial artery supply? What branch does it give off? What does this branch supply?

A

Supplies posterior part of the leg

Gives off fibular (peroneal) artery

This supplies the lateral part of the posterior leg

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19
Q

What is contained in the popliteal fossa? 6 Structures

A
  1. popliteal artery
  2. Popliteal verin
  3. Small saphenous vein
  4. Tibial nerve
  5. Common fibular nerve
  6. Popliteal lymph nodes
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20
Q

In what position of the knee/ location is the popliteal pulse best felt?

A

Knee in flexed position- relax popliteal fascia and hamstrings

Best felt in inferior part of fossa

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21
Q

What is the anterior tibial artery a branch of? When is it formed?

A

Branch of popliteal artery

Arises when popliteal artery passes through the interosseous membarne

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22
Q

Where can the anterior tibial pulse be felt?

A

Dorsalis pedis- front of foot

Lateral to tendon of extensor hallucis longus

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23
Q

Where is the posterior tibial artery felt?

A

–Half-way between medial malleolus and calcaneal tendon

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24
Q

Name the supercifial veins in the lower leg and where they are located

A

Great saphanous vein- aterio-medial

Small safenous vein- posterior

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25
Q

What controls venous return?

A
  • Movement from superficial to deep veins
  • Respiratory pump
  • Muscular pump
  • Smooth muscle (venoconstriction)
  • Valves
26
Q

What are verucous veins?

What is the treatment

A

Valves become dysfunctional, causes swelling of the veins as blood acuumilates

Treatment- laser used to seal off malfunctioned vein

27
Q

What is compartment syndrome? Name acute and chronic causes

A

Large amount of pressure in muscle compartments

Acute- trauma

Chronic- excerise

28
Q

Where does nerve supply to the lower limb originate?

A

Lumber sacral plexus

29
Q

What does the femoral and obturator nerve supply?

A

Femoral- qudriceps - sensory to anterior compartmnt of the thigh

Obturator- Adductir muscles- sensory to meial thigh

30
Q

What supplies sensory information to the lateral thighs?

A

Lateral cutaneouse nerve

31
Q

Nerve roots for femoral and obturator nerve?

A

L2,3,4

32
Q

Locations for motor and sensory innertaion of the femoral nerve

A

Motor: Anterior thigh muscles (prime movers of hip flexion and knee extension)

Sensory: Hip & knee joint, Skin over anterior, medial thigh, medial leg & foot

33
Q

Locations for motor and sensory innertaion of the obturator nerve

A

Motor: Medial thigh muscles (gracilis, adductors)

Sensory: Hip & knee joint, Skin of medial thigh,

34
Q

What are the nerve routes for the scral plexus?

A

L4-S4

35
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the sacral plexus? What do these nerves innervate?

A

•Superior gluteal

–Gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata

•Inferior gluteal

–Gluteus maximus

• Sciatic

–Hamstrings, and all muscles below knee

–Sensory to posterior thigh and back of the leg

36
Q

What are the nerve routes for the scitaic tibial and common peroneal (fibular) branches?

A

L4-S3

37
Q

What are the nerve routes for the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4,5 S1

38
Q

What are the nerve routes for the inferior glueteal nerve?

A

L5, S1,2

39
Q

Where is the motor and sensory innervation of the scitatic tibial nerve located?

A

Motor: Muscles of back of thigh, leg and foot

Sensory: Skin over posterior surface of leg & sole of feet

40
Q

Where is the motor and sensory innervation of the scitatic common peroneal (fibular) nerve located?

A

Motor: Muscles of anterolateral compartment of leg, toe extensors

Sesnory- Skin over anterolateral leg, dorsum of foot

41
Q

What is the motor innervation for the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteal muscles (medius, minimus), tensor fasciae latae

42
Q

What is the motor innervation for the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteal muscles (maximus)

43
Q

What is course of the tibial scietic nerve?

A

Posterior compartment of the leg

Superficial posterior compartment (calf muscles – ankle plantarflexors)

Deep posterior compartment (plantarflexors of foot)

44
Q

What is course of the common Peroneal nerve?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve- Lateral compartment – evertors

Deep peroneal nerve- Anterior compartment - dorsiflexors

45
Q

Where are the dorsiflexores?

Which nerve innervates them?

What are the nerve routes for these nerves?

What is the function of these grouo pf muscles?

A

Anterior compartment of the lower leg

Deep branch of the common peroneal

Nerve routes- L4-L5

Function- Dorsiflex ankle

Invert foot

Extend toes

46
Q

Where are the peroneal muscles?

Which nerve innervates them?

What are the nerve routes for these nerves?

What is the function of these grouo pf muscles?

A

Lateral compartment of the lower leg

Superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve

L5,S1,2

Evertors and Weak plantarflexors

47
Q

Where are the calf muscles?

Which nerve innervates them?

What are the nerve routes for these nerves?

What is the function of these grouo pf muscles?

A

Posterior compartment of lower leg

Tibial nerve (superficial)

S1 and S2

Plantar flex ankle

48
Q

Where are the deep calf muscles?

Which nerve innervates them?

What are the nerve routes for these nerves?

What is the function of these grouo pf muscles?

A

Deep Posterior compartment of lower leg

Deep tibial nerve

L4-S3

Flex ankle/ toes

49
Q

Where is the mid inguinal point?

A

Half way between ASIS and pubic symphesis

50
Q

Name of the deep artery of the thigh

A

profunda femoris

51
Q

How does the posterior tibial artery reach the sole of the foot?

A

Branch from the popliteal artery. Passes through the tarsal tunnel, behind the medial malleolus

52
Q

What is the course of the anterior tibial artery?

A

Branches from popliteal artery. Passes through interosesus memebrane to reach anterior compartment. Forms dorsalis pedis artery

53
Q

Where can you feel the dorsalis pedis pulse?

A

lateral to Extensor hallucis longus tendon

54
Q

What innervates all the muscles in the lower limb?

A

Lumber sacral plexus

55
Q

What goes through the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Greater- Superior gluteal nerve, artery and vein

Lesser- Inferior gluteal nerve, artery and vein

56
Q

Where will you lose sensory innveration when the common peroneal nerve is damaged?

A

Dorsum of the foot

57
Q

What is the function and name of the mucles in the Anterior compartment of the lower leg? Which nerves and artery will you find in this compartment?

A

Function- Dorsiflextion and extension of digits

Nerve- Deep peroneal nerve

Artery- Anterior tibial artery

58
Q

What is the function of the mucles in the Posterior compartment of the lower leg? Which nerves and artery will you find in this compartment?

A

Function- Planterflextion and flextion of digits

Nerve- tibial nerve

Artery- Posterior tibial artery

59
Q

What is the function of the mucles in the Lateral compartment of the lower leg? Which nerves and artery will you find in this compartment?

A

Function- Eversion

Nerve- superficial peroneal nerve

Artery- Fibular artery

60
Q

What are the two branches of the sciatic nerve? Where is the sciatic nerve located?

A

Tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

Located in the posterior compartment of the leg

61
Q

Where does the fibular (peroneal) artery come from?

A

Branch of the posterior tibial artery

Locomotor (12 decks)

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