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Neurovascular supply to the lower limbs Flashcards

1
Q

In this image label 1,2,3 and 4

A

1.Aorta

●

2.Common iliac artery

●

3.Internal iliac artery

●

4.External Iliac artery

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2
Q

List the main arteries of the anterior lower limb in order

A

Once the external iliac crosses the inguinal ligament it becomes femoral

popliteal

anterior tibial

Dorsarlis pedis

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3
Q

Name of artery around the femoral neck

A

Lateral circumflex femoral artey

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4
Q

List branches of the internal iliac artery

A

Superior gluteal artery

Obturator artery

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5
Q

Where does the inferior and superior gluteal arteres lie in relation to piriformis?

A

Superior gluteal- above piriformis

Inferior gluteal- Below piriformis

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6
Q

Bounderies of the femoral triangle. What is located there?

A

Medial: Adductor longus

Lateral: Sartorius

Superior: Inguinal ligament

Femoral nerve, artery, vein and and canal

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7
Q

What are the nerve roots for the femoral nerve?

A

L2,3,4

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8
Q

What lies within the femoral sheath of the ingunal triangle?

A

Femoral artery, vein and canal

The nerve is lies lateral to the sheath not within it

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9
Q

What is the saphanouse opening? What does through it?

A

Hole in the fascia lata of the leg

Branches of the femoral vein go through it to form the superficial veins

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10
Q

Where is the femoral pulse located

A

•Below inguinal ligament and mid-inguinal point

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11
Q

Attchments of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS and pubic symphysis

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12
Q

What forms the deep artery of the thigh?

A

Profonda femoris- branch of femoral artery

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13
Q

Which artery supplies (penetrates) the head of the femur?

A

Obturator artery

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14
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral

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15
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior/medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Profunda femoris medial and lateral circumflex arteries

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16
Q

When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

When it passes through the adductor hiatus

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17
Q

Describe the course of the popliteal artery and what it gives rise to

A

Runs posteriorly down the leg

Gives rise to psterior tibial artery

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18
Q

What part of the leg does the posterior tibial artery supply? What branch does it give off? What does this branch supply?

A

Supplies posterior part of the leg

Gives off fibular (peroneal) artery

This supplies the lateral part of the posterior leg

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19
Q

What is contained in the popliteal fossa? 6 Structures

A
  1. popliteal artery
  2. Popliteal verin
  3. Small saphenous vein
  4. Tibial nerve
  5. Common fibular nerve
  6. Popliteal lymph nodes
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20
Q

In what position of the knee/ location is the popliteal pulse best felt?

A

Knee in flexed position- relax popliteal fascia and hamstrings

Best felt in inferior part of fossa

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21
Q

What is the anterior tibial artery a branch of? When is it formed?

A

Branch of popliteal artery

Arises when popliteal artery passes through the interosseous membarne

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22
Q

Where can the anterior tibial pulse be felt?

A

Dorsalis pedis- front of foot

Lateral to tendon of extensor hallucis longus

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23
Q

Where is the posterior tibial artery felt?

A

–Half-way between medial malleolus and calcaneal tendon

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24
Q

Name the supercifial veins in the lower leg and where they are located

A

Great saphanous vein- aterio-medial

Small safenous vein- posterior

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25
What controls venous return?
* Movement from superficial to deep veins * Respiratory pump * Muscular pump * Smooth muscle (venoconstriction) * Valves
26
What are verucous veins? What is the treatment
Valves become dysfunctional, causes swelling of the veins as blood acuumilates Treatment- laser used to seal off malfunctioned vein
27
What is compartment syndrome? Name acute and chronic causes
Large amount of pressure in muscle compartments Acute- trauma Chronic- excerise
28
Where does nerve supply to the lower limb originate?
Lumber sacral plexus
29
What does the femoral and obturator nerve supply?
Femoral- qudriceps - sensory to anterior compartmnt of the thigh Obturator- Adductir muscles- sensory to meial thigh
30
What supplies sensory information to the lateral thighs?
Lateral cutaneouse nerve
31
Nerve roots for femoral and obturator nerve?
L2,3,4
32
Locations for motor and sensory innertaion of the femoral nerve
Motor: Anterior thigh muscles (prime movers of hip flexion and knee extension) Sensory: Hip & knee joint, Skin over anterior, medial thigh, medial leg & foot
33
Locations for motor and sensory innertaion of the obturator nerve
Motor: Medial thigh muscles (gracilis, adductors) Sensory: Hip & knee joint, Skin of medial thigh,
34
What are the nerve routes for the scral plexus?
L4-S4
35
What are the 3 main branches of the sacral plexus? What do these nerves innervate?
•Superior gluteal –Gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata •Inferior gluteal –Gluteus maximus • Sciatic –Hamstrings, and all muscles below knee –Sensory to posterior thigh and back of the leg
36
What are the nerve routes for the scitaic tibial and common peroneal (fibular) branches?
L4-S3
37
What are the nerve routes for the superior gluteal nerve?
L4,5 S1
38
What are the nerve routes for the inferior glueteal nerve?
L5, S1,2
39
Where is the motor and sensory innervation of the scitatic tibial nerve located?
Motor: Muscles of back of thigh, leg and foot Sensory: Skin over posterior surface of leg & sole of feet
40
Where is the motor and sensory innervation of the scitatic common peroneal (fibular) nerve located?
Motor: Muscles of anterolateral compartment of leg, toe extensors Sesnory- Skin over anterolateral leg, dorsum of foot
41
What is the motor innervation for the superior gluteal nerve?
Gluteal muscles (medius, minimus), tensor fasciae latae
42
What is the motor innervation for the inferior gluteal nerve?
Gluteal muscles (maximus)
43
What is course of the tibial scietic nerve?
Posterior compartment of the leg Superficial posterior compartment (calf muscles – ankle plantarflexors) Deep posterior compartment (plantarflexors of foot)
44
What is course of the common Peroneal nerve?
Superficial peroneal nerve- Lateral compartment – evertors Deep peroneal nerve- Anterior compartment - dorsiflexors
45
Where are the dorsiflexores? Which nerve innervates them? What are the nerve routes for these nerves? What is the function of these grouo pf muscles?
Anterior compartment of the lower leg Deep branch of the common peroneal Nerve routes- L4-L5 Function- Dorsiflex ankle Invert foot Extend toes
46
Where are the peroneal muscles? Which nerve innervates them? What are the nerve routes for these nerves? What is the function of these grouo pf muscles?
Lateral compartment of the lower leg Superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve L5,S1,2 Evertors and Weak plantarflexors
47
Where are the calf muscles? Which nerve innervates them? What are the nerve routes for these nerves? What is the function of these grouo pf muscles?
Posterior compartment of lower leg Tibial nerve (superficial) S1 and S2 Plantar flex ankle
48
Where are the deep calf muscles? Which nerve innervates them? What are the nerve routes for these nerves? What is the function of these grouo pf muscles?
Deep Posterior compartment of lower leg Deep tibial nerve L4-S3 Flex ankle/ toes
49
Where is the mid inguinal point?
Half way between ASIS and pubic symphesis
50
Name of the deep artery of the thigh
profunda femoris
51
How does the posterior tibial artery reach the sole of the foot?
Branch from the popliteal artery. Passes through the tarsal tunnel, behind the medial malleolus
52
What is the course of the anterior tibial artery?
Branches from popliteal artery. Passes through interosesus memebrane to reach anterior compartment. Forms dorsalis pedis artery
53
Where can you feel the dorsalis pedis pulse?
lateral to Extensor hallucis longus tendon
54
What innervates all the muscles in the lower limb?
Lumber sacral plexus
55
What goes through the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
Greater- Superior gluteal nerve, artery and vein Lesser- Inferior gluteal nerve, artery and vein
56
Where will you lose sensory innveration when the common peroneal nerve is damaged?
Dorsum of the foot
57
What is the function and name of the mucles in the A**nterior compartment** of the lower leg? Which nerves and artery will you find in this compartment?
Function- Dorsiflextion and extension of digits Nerve- Deep peroneal nerve Artery- Anterior tibial artery
58
What is the function of the mucles in the **Posterior compartment** of the lower leg? Which nerves and artery will you find in this compartment?
Function- Planterflextion and flextion of digits Nerve- tibial nerve Artery- Posterior tibial artery
59
What is the function of the mucles in the Lateral compartment of the lower leg? Which nerves and artery will you find in this compartment?
Function- Eversion Nerve- superficial peroneal nerve Artery- Fibular artery
60
What are the two branches of the sciatic nerve? Where is the sciatic nerve located?
Tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve Located in the posterior compartment of the leg
61
Where does the fibular (peroneal) artery come from?
Branch of the posterior tibial artery

Locomotor (12 decks)

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