Ankle and foot Flashcards
What is the ankle joint?
Tibia plus talus plus fibular
What is the subtaler joint?
talus and calcaneous
What is the tibiofibular joint?
Tibia and Fibular
what is the Medial malleolus
Tibia
What is the lateral malleolus
Fibular
Which malleolus is lower?
Lateral 1cm lower than medial
What are the movements of the ankle joint?
Dorsiflextion and planter flextion
In which position is the foot more stable? Why?
Dorsiflextion Talus is wider anteriorly
Where is the medial (deltoid) ligament located? What does it attach to?
Medial side Attaches Medial malleolus to tibia to calcaneous to navicular
Describe the main features of the medial ligament
•4 adjacent and continuous parts (ligmanets)
Functions of the medial ligament?
•Very strong, stabilise ankle joint during eversion and prevent subluxation
Location of the lateral ligament? How many parts does it have? Name the parts
Lateral ankle
3 parts
- Anterior talofibular
- Posterior talofibular
- Calcaneofibular
Where is a sprained ankle most likely to occure and why?
What action does it involve?
How many athletic injuries does it account for?
Which ligaments are most affected?
Lateral ankle- has weaker ligaments
- Inversion injury
- 15% of all athletic injuries
- Anterior talofibular
- Calcaneofibular
Which muscles are responsible for dorsiflextion and toe extension? Which nerve innervates this muscle?
- Muscles in anterior compartment of the leg
- Innervated by deep branch of common peroneal nerve
- Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus and Extensor hallucis longus
Which muscles are responsible for eversion? Which nerve innervates it?
- Lateral compartment
- Fibularis longus, brevis and tertius
- Innervated by superficial branch of common peroneal
Which muscles are responsible for planterfelxtion and toe flextion? Which nerve innervates these muscles?
•Superficial and deep flexors
Posterior compartmnt of the leg
•Superficial 3 muscles attach via calcaneal tendon - gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris
Toe flexors
•Deep muscles attach to bones of foot - tibialis posterior, F. digitorum longus and F. hallucis longus
Tibial nerve
What happens when you rupture your calcaneal tendon?
You loose definition in the back of your foot
What is a retinacula? What is its function?
Thick deep fascia
•Hold tendons in place as they enter foot
How many retinaculas are there in the ankle? Name them and there location.
3 retinacula
2 extensor retinacula (inferior and superior)- anterior part of the foor
1 flexor retinacula- medial malleolus
What goes underneath your extensor retinacular?
•Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve and anterior tibial artery pass under the extensor retinacula
What goes underneath your flexor retinacular?
•Tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery pass under flexor retinaculum
What articulates with what during inversion and eversion? What is the purpose of these foot movments?
•Talus articulates with calcaneus and navicular
Purpose- •Helps foot to adjust to different surfaces
Flex your toes
Extend your toes
Abduct your toes
Adduct your toes
Use image to make sure you did it right
Name the ligaments on your foot. where are they located? What do they do?
These ligaments give stability
Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular)- located on the medial part of the foot
Long and short planter ligaments- located on the lateral part of the foot
This ligament helps mainatin the arches of the foor
What is the Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) contineous with?
The medial (deltoid) ligament
What is the function of the Long and short plantar ligaments
•Help maintain arches of the foot
Purpose of the intrisnic muscles of the foot? How many layers are there?
- For precise movements
- Constantly contracting and relaxing responding to dynamic changes to stand, balance and propel forward
- 4 layers
How many arches of the foot are there? Name them
3 arches
Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
•Transverse arch
Name an important feature of the medial longitudinal arch. Which bones help to form it?
medial side of foot missing from footprint
Calcaneum, talus, navicular cuneiform and cuboid layer
Why is the lateral longitudinal arch flatter?
fewer bones and talus transmits body weight
through it.
Name the main points of weight distribution on the foot?
Sesamoid bones of the 1st metatarsal and the head iof second metatarsal
Heads of third to 5th metatarsal
Tuberosity of calcaneus
