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year 10 and 11 > PE Year 10 > Flashcards

PE Year 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the individual differences

A

Age, disability, gender, physic, culture, environment, risk&challenge, activity levels, training

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2
Q

Name the three somatotypes

A

Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph

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3
Q

Describe the characteristics of an Ectomorph

Give examples

A

-lean
-delicate
-small framed
(long distance runners, gymnasts)

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4
Q

Describe the characteristics of an Endomorph

Give examples

A

-slightly rounded
-shorter limbs
(sumowrestler, shotputter)

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5
Q

Describe the characteristics of an Mesomorph

Give examples

A

-high proportion of muscle

sprinter, games player

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6
Q

What is fatigue?

A

a feeling of EXTREME physical/mental tiredness after working for a long period of time due to a build up of lactic acid

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7
Q

What is stress?

A

the body’s reaction to a change that requires a mental, physical or emotional adjustment

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8
Q

What feelings can lead to injury?

A

tension and anxiety
boredom and tedium
motivation
feedback or criticism

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9
Q

What are the two types of sporting personalities?

A

Extrovert

introvert

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10
Q

What is respiration?

A

the process where the body converts fuel (glucose) into energy and releasing it into the body either aerobically or anaerobically

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11
Q

What are the functions of the blood?

A
  • Transports oxygen to the muscles and gets rid of waste products
  • controls body temperature
  • to fight infection
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12
Q

What is the definition of leisure?

A

Freetime from the demands of work when one can rest and enjoy hobbies or sport

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13
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

the amount breathed in and breathed out

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14
Q

What is the VO2 max?

A

the maximum amount of oxygen used in a minute per kilogram of body weight

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15
Q

what is the vital capacity?

A

the largest amount of air that can be expired after the deepest intake of breath

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16
Q

What is residual volume?

A

amount of air that remains in the lunges after maximum expiration

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17
Q

What is the definition of health?

A

a state of complete mental,physical and social wellbeing and a freedom of illness or injury

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18
Q

What is fitness?

A

the ability to meet the demands of the environment

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19
Q

What is agility?

A

is the ability to change direction quickly and still keep control of the whole body

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20
Q

what is balance?

A

the ability to keep the whole body stable whether still moving or in a different shape by keeping the centre of gravity over the base

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21
Q

what is co-ordination?

A

is the ability to use two or more body parts at the same time

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22
Q

what is reaction time?

A

the time it takes to respond to a stimulus

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23
Q

what is timing?

A

the ability to judge the time and place of an objects arrival and then execute appropriate movements

24
Q

What is muscular strength?

A

the ability of the muscles to apply force and overcome resistance

25
Q

what is dynamic strength?

A

using prolonged moving muscular contractions

26
Q

what is explosive strength?

A

when a maximum burst of effort is used

27
Q

What is static strength?

A

when muscle length stays the same

28
Q

what is speed?

A

the fastest rate at which you can complete a task or cover a distance

29
Q

What is power?

A

the ability to apply a combination of strength and speed

30
Q

What are immovable joints?

A

are fixed so that there is no movement at this joint

31
Q

What are slightly movable joints?

A

have gaps between the bones which allow a small amount of movement. These gaps are usually filled withe cartilage

32
Q

what are synovial joints?

A

the most movable joints in the body

33
Q

What is synovial fluid?

A

acts as a packing preventing friction between the moving parts and lubricating joint

34
Q

Describe a bicep curl

A
  • bones involved are the radius and ulna and humerus
  • muscles used are triceps and biceps
  • uses the bicep to flex and extend
  • tendon at origin of bicep attaches to the ball and socket joint at the shoulder
  • tendon at intersection attaches to hinge joint at the elbow
  • flexing the bicep, ulna and radius pulled towards humerus bone
  • flexing the triceps, ulna and radius move away from humerus bone
  • these muscles work in antagonistic muscle pairs
  • when the bicep is flexed it is the agonist and the tricep is the antagonist
35
Q

What is antagonistic muscle action?

A

when muscles work in pairs. Working muscle, agonist (also called prime mover) contracts. The relaxing muscle (antagonist) becomes long and thin

36
Q

Tendons…

A

attach muscle to bone

37
Q

Ligaments…

A

attach bone to bone and stabalises joint

38
Q

origin is the…

A

fixed point of muscle

39
Q

the insertion is…

A

the movable part of the muscle

40
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A 
~blood cell production
~protection
~movement
~support
~shape
41
Q

What is the principal of progression?

A

involves gradually increasing the stresses put on the body

42
Q

What is overload?

A 
When the body works at a greater rate than usual
#FIT PRINCIPALS
43
Q

What is reversibility?

A

is the body returning to its original state prior to an exercise training programme

44
Q

Greater intensity = _______

A

greater need of oxygen

45
Q

What is the antagonistic muscle action?

A

When muscles work in pairs. The working muscle; the agonist (can be called the prime mover). The relaxing muscle; antagonist (becomes long and thin)

46
Q

What are the types of fats?

A

saturated (bad, clog up arteries)
polyunsaturated (good)
monounsaturated

47
Q

what are proteins used for?

A

growth and repair

48
Q

what are keytones?

A

indicators proteins are being used

49
Q

What does fibre do?

A 
helps reduce cholesterol (soluble)
prevents constipation (insoluble)
50
Q

what proportion of the body is made from water?

A

2/3

51
Q

what are the functions of water?

A

helps digest food
in blood helping transport nutrients and oxygen
in body fluids helping lubricate joints and cushions organs and tissues
carries waste products out of the body
removes body heat generated during exercise through sweat

52
Q

How does interval training help build up an oxygen debt tolerance?

A

new capillaries are formed, heart muscles are strengthened, delivery of oxygen improved

53
Q

Long term benefits of exercise

A 
reduced risk of heart disease
can recover quicker
increases size of heart
lower resting heart rate
increased vo2 max
can cope with stress more effectively
deliever oxygen to muscles quicker
54
Q

what are the immediate effects of exercise?

A

face reddens
stroke volume and cardiac output increases
body sweats ridding itself of waste products
digestive system bypassed - blood shunted to working muscles
blood pressure increases
o2 and haemoglobin combine to make oxyhaemoglobin and are transported to working muscles

55
Q

what is stroke volume?

A

amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

56
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

amount of blood pumped out the heart per minute

year 10 and 11 (13 decks)

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