Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

year 10 and 11 > B3 > Flashcards

B3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is osmosis

A

Net movement of water from an area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential

Diffusion of water
Down a concentration gradient
Across a partially permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a turgid cell?

A

Water enters by osmosis, vacuole swells and pushes against cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a flaccid cell?

A

Water lost from cell, vacuole shrinks, cell loses shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is active transport?

A

Does require energy
Particles move against a concentration gradient
Movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration-therefore it requires energy
The energy is needed to make “pumps” move particles the wrong way
Movement of substances against a concentration gradient across a partially permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration area

Down a concentration gradient (difference in number of particles on either side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What affects the rate of diffusion?

A

Surface area
Concentration gradient
Thickness of gas exchange surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the blood capillary involved in diffusion in the gut?

A

Dense capillary network-inside each villus are many capillaries which take away the absorbed molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the epithelial membrane involved in diffusion in the gut?

A

Is a thin layer(only one cell thick). This provides a short diffusion path for digested food molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the lacteal involved in diffusion in the gut?

A

At the centre of the villus absorbed fats and carries them away from the villus. This maintains concentration gradient for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does the rate of active transport depends on the rate of respiration, why?

A

As more respiration occurs, more energy is available and therefore more active transport takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

State the ventilation path

A 
Nose + mouth
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole 
Alveoli
Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Scientific term for breathing where air is constantly moving in and out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is inspiration?

A

Occurs when air pressure in the atmosphere is greater than that of the lungs forcing the air into the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is expiration?

A

Occurs when air pressure in the lungs is greater than that in the atmosphere forcing air out the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are xylem?

A

Cells that transport water and minerals up the stem from the roots to the shoots and leaves. This transport occurs in one direction only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is phloem

A

Cells transport sugars produced in the leaves up and down the stem to growing and storage tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are the phloem and xylem arranged

A

In plants as vascular bundles

Both form continuous systems connecting roots, stems and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is transpiration

A

The release of water vapour from a plant through the leaves causing water to move through the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is stage one of transpiration

A

Water diffuses through osmosis from soil to roots
Roots are covered in tiny projections called root hair cells
These structures increase the surface area of he roots and therefore increases the rate of water up take/ diffusion by osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is stage two of transpiration

A

Water travels up the stem in the xylem
It diffuses from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
It’s higher in the roots because that’s where the water is absorbed it’s lower in the leaves because it’s used for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is stage three of transpiration

A

Water travels through veins into leaves. It then diffuses out of the veins and into cells and from these airspaces, water diffuses by osmosis through the stomata into the air where it is evaporated

22
Q

What is stage four of transpiration

A

The loss of water through transpiration in the leaves sets up a concentration gradient, continuously pulling water from the soul into all parts of the plant. Capillary action also encourages the water movement up the plant

23
Q

What factors affect transpiration

A

Light intensity
Temperature
Humidity
Wind

24
Q

What makes up the blood

A

Plasma
Platelets
White blood cells
Red blood cells

25
Q

What are blood vessels

A 
Arteries carry blood away from the heart (high pressure)
Carry oxygenated blood 
Thick muscular walls 
Small lumen
Has a pulse
No valves
26
Q

What are Capillaries?

A

Penetrate all tissues
Very narrow
Allows transport of oxygen and nutrients into body cells and water out of cells

27
Q

What are veins?

A 
Carry blood towards the heart
Low pressure
Carry deoxygenated blood
Thinner more flexible walls
Large lumen
Doesn't have a pulse
Valves present
28
Q

What’s homeostasis

A

Maintaining internal body conditions

29
Q

What are kidneys

A

Proteins digested by amino acids and absorbed by blood
Excess amino acid carried in the blood to the liver
Your liver cells convert them to ammonia
The ammonia reacts with the carbon dioxide to make urea
The urea passes through the kidneys to be removed from the body as urine

30
Q

What’s the role of the kidneys

A

Help clean the blood

31
Q

What is the cortex?

A

Filters large molecules from the blood

32
Q

What is the renal artery

A

Brings blood to kidney

33
Q

What is the pelvis?

A

Collects urine

34
Q

What is the renal vein

A

Takes blood away from kidney

35
Q

What is the ureter

A

Takes urine from kidney to bladder

36
Q

What is the medulla

A

Where water salt and urea are removed from the blood

37
Q

What is selective reabsorbtion

A

All sugars absorbed by active transport

However the amount of water and mineral ions are absorbed depends upon the body’s needs

38
Q

What are kidney stones

A

High salt and minerals in your diet can lead to stone precipitating out
Have to be excreted from the body in the urine
Kidney no longer able to filter blood effectively

39
Q

What is dialysis

A

The clinical purification of blood by dialysis as a substitute for the normal function of the kidney

Artificial process used to remove water and waste substances from the blood when kidneys fail to function properly

40
Q

Transplantation

A

Organ removed from either dead person or living
Inserted to patient
Damaged organs removed
Donor organs not always connected into position of old organ

41
Q

What is glucose

A

A sugar used in respiration to make energy

42
Q

What is glycogen

A

A storage substance made of glucose it is stored in the liver

43
Q

What is insulin

A

A hormone, it tells your body to change glucose into glycogen. Made by pancreas

44
Q

What is glucagon

A

A hormone that tells your liver to change glycogen back into glucose. Made by pancreas

45
Q

How does blood sugar levels change after eating

A

Level of blood glucose increases
Pancreas releases insulin into blood
Insulin causes liver to store excess glucose as glycogen

46
Q

How do blood sugar levels change during exercise

A

Blood glucose decreases
Pancreas releases glucose into blood
Glucagon causes the liver to release glucose into the blood from glycogen

47
Q

What is eutrophication

A

Occurs when fertilisers applied to soils run off into freshwater a systems making them rich in nutrients

48
Q

What is deforestation

A

Removal of forests by felling or burning

49
Q

What are biofuels and biogas

A

Made from living or dead organisms

Pros= renewable
Reduce CO2 in atmosphere
Cons=removing plants that take in co2
=less farm land to grow food

50
Q

Mycoprotein

A

Fusarium grows and reproduces very rapidly based on cheap energy supply in a large fermenter
It requires oxygen for anaerobic respiration

year 10 and 11 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions