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year 10 and 11 > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is salt bad?

A

Too much can cause high blood pressure and lead to strokes, brain and kidney damage

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2
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

a type of fat made by the liver and found in every cell of the body and is carried in the bloodstream.
There are two types: high density lippoprotein (good)
low density lippoprotein (bad)

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3
Q

What are statins?

A

drugs used to lower cholestrol levels in peoples blood and reduces risk of heart disease

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3
Q

What are the potential side effects of statins?

A

Increase chance of liver problems
Acute kidney failure
Muscle damage
Bleeding in the brain (if already happened)

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4
Q

whats the definition of disease?

A

when an individuals vital functions or organs are impaired

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5
Q

what is the definition of infection?

A

is the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microbes in an individual or population

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6
Q

what is a pathogen?

A

an organism which can cause disease

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7
Q

What are the keywords to include to describe phagocytosis?

A 
#engulf
#digest them
#using digestive enzymes
#release and dispose/exocytosis
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8
Q

what is a lymphocyte?

A

a white blood cell that produces specific antibodies

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9
Q

what is an antibody?

A

made by the body to defeat the pathogen

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10
Q

what is an antigen?

A

on the surface of every cell and pathogen

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11
Q

what is the definition of medicine?

A

Drugs used for treatment and prevention of a disease (often they just soothe the symptoms)

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12
Q

What do antibiotics do?

A

they target bacteria but do not affect healthy cells and cannot kill viruses or fungi

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13
Q

What are the keywords to include to describe vaccinations?

A 
#dead/weakened form
#triggers immune response from lymphocytes
#antibodies used to defeat disease
#turn into memory cells
#if the pathogen re-enters the body the memory  cells attack and destroy it quickly (rapid response)
#immunity
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14
Q

what is the definition of drugs?

A

a chemical substance that affects the way the body works

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15
Q

What do hallucinogens do?

A

Change the release of chemicals over a synapse

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16
Q

What does a pain killer do?

A

Stop The release of chemicals over a synapse

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16
Q

What do stimulants do?

A

Speed up the release of chemicals over a synapse

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17
Q

What makes an effective drug?

A

Effective
Safe
Stable

18
Q

What is a placebo?

A

Pill that does not contain the drug

18
Q

What is a double blind trial?

A

Neither doctor nor patient knows who has the real drug

19
Q

What is thalidomide?

A

Originally a sleeping pill but was good to treat morning sickness
Never tested it for that use
Affected features - born with severe limb deformities

20
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

nerves taking information from sense organs into CNS and nerves taking information from the CNS to the effectors

21
Q

what does a receptor cell do?

A

reacts to stimulus

21
Q

What do depressants do?

A

Slow down the release of chemicals over a synapse

22
Q

what is the reflex arc?

A

stimulus=receptor=sensory neuron=relay neuron=motor neuron=effector

23
Q

What is classification?

A

putting organisms into groups based on their characteristics

24
Q

what is the definition of hormone?

A

a chemical messenger which travels in the bloodstream

25
Q

what are nerves?

A

electrical impulses

26
Q

what is oestrogen?

A

made by ovaries
blocks FSH
builds uterus lining

27
Q

what is progesterone?

A

maintains uterus lining
blocks FSH
made by overies

28
Q

what is FSH

A

made by pituitary

makes eggs mature

29
Q

What is LH?

A

made by pituitary

causes egg release

30
Q

What is auxin?

A

hormone used by plants for growth

31
Q

what is transpiration?

A

process where water moves through a plant. The water reaches the leaves where it is lost through tiny openings called stomata

32
Q

what is the definition of adaption?

A

special features which help organisms to survive and reproduce in their environments

33
Q

what are extremophiles?

A

organisms that live in very extreme environments and can survive in conditions which would kill most other organisms

34
Q

Interspecific competition means…

A

competition between species

35
Q

intraspecific competition means…

A

competition within one species

36
Q

what is the efficiency equation?

A

efficiency= energy for growth (output) / energy supplied (input)

36
Q

what is genetic variation?

A

differences between genes which affect our characteristics

38
Q

what is the definition of species?

A

a group of organisms that are similar and capable of producing fertile off spring

40
Q

what is A-Sexual reproduction?

A

production of off spring from one parent

42
Q

what are the two ways to clone

A

embryo transplant

adult cell cloning

44
Q

What is genetic modification?

A

when the genes of an organism are changes by inserting genes from another organism

year 10 and 11 (13 decks)

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