PE PAPER 1 - cardiovascular system and recovery Flashcards
Learn the different parts of the heart from the book and be able to label it (and bbc bitesize)
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How does a cool-down help an athlete to recover?
Athletes often gradually stopping their session to prevent injury rather than just stopping after the event.
How can the manipulation of diet help an athlete to recover?
Drinking lots of water is essential and eating certain foods like protein can help to speed up recovery.
How do ice baths help an athlete to recover?
These can help relax the muscles after intense excitement immediately after the sport.
How do massages help an athlete to recover?
They can increase blood flow to the sore areas speeding up the healing process.
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
- Transports substances such as oxygen, glucose and carbon dioxide around the body.
- Maintains body temperature.
- Helps to protect the body.
What is heart rate?
The number of times your heart beats in a minute.
What is the difference between a diastolic reading and a systolic reading on a heart rate?
Diastolic is the pressure the blood is under when the heart relaxes whereas systolic is the pressure the blood is under when the heart contracts.
What is a diastole?
Chambers of the heart relax and fill with blood.
What is a systole?
Chambers of the heart contract and empty of blood.
Learn the pathway of blood as it enters the heart in the book.
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What structural features do arteries have to help carry blood?
- Thick vessel walls allow blood to travel at a high pressure
- Takes blood away from the heart
- Small lumen allows the blood to travel quickly to and from the heart
What structural features do veins have to help carry blood?
- Thin vessel walls
- Large internal diameter (lumen)
- Low pressure
- Takes blood towards the heart
- Valves
What structural features do capillaries have to help carry blood?
- Thin vessel walls
- Internal diameter is one cell thick
- Takes blood towards the heart and away from the heart
What happens at vasoconstriction?
The narrowing of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to decrease blood flow. The arteries constrict during rest so that more blood is delivered to the organs.
What happens at vasodilation?
The widening of the internal diameter of a blood vessel to increase blood flow. The arteries dilate during exercise so that more blood is delivered to the muscles.
What is the equation for cardiac output?
Cardiac output = Stroke volume x heart rate
(q) (sv) (hr)
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood ejected the heart in one minute.
What is stroke volume?
The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction.
What is meant by intensity?
The amount of energy needed to complete an activity.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water + energy
Where does energy come from?
Carbohydrates which are converted into glucose and oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration?
Occurs in the presence of oxygen and works at a low to moderate intensity so that the body has time to use oxygen for energy production.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Occurs without oxygen and works at a high intensity for shorter periods of time. Glucose is converted into energy without the presence of oxygen.
How long can aerobic respiration work for?
A maximum of 60 seconds.
What is EPOC?
The amount of energy needed to recover after exercise.
What are some of the immediate effects of exercise?
- Sweat
- Heart rate increase
- Breathing more often and deeper
- You will get hotter
What are some of the short-term effects of exercise?
- Muscle cramps
- Tired, fatigued
- Muscles will ache
- Feeling nauseous and light-headed
What are some of the long-term effects of exercise?
- Stamina will improve
- Heart can increase in size
- Average heart rate will decrease
- Body can change shape
What is hypertrophy?
The enlargement of an organ or a tissue cause by an increase in the size of its cells.
What is oxygen debt?
Temporary oxygen shortage due to strenuous exercise.
What does DOMS stand for?
Delayed onset muscle soreness, The pain felt in the days following strenuous exercise.
What is bradycardia?
Lowered resting heart rate due to long term exercise.
How do you find a persons maximum heart rate?
220 - age
Have a look in the book at the affects of exercise diagram.
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