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gcse flashcards all subjects > Levers, respiratory system > Flashcards

Levers, respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of levers?

A

1st class - F
2nd class - L
3rd class - E

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2
Q

What does the effort represent in the diagram?

A

The muscle

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3
Q

What does the fulcrum represent in the diagram?

A

The pivot

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4
Q

What does the load represent in the diagram?

A

The resistance

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5
Q

What is meant by a mechanical advantage?

A

When the effort arm is longer than the load arm.

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6
Q

What is meant by a mechanical disadvantage?

A

When the load arm is longer than the effort arm.

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7
Q

Which classes of levers are advantages?

A

1st class - Advantage or disadvantage
2nd class - Advantage
3rd - Disadvantage

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8
Q

What is the equation for a mechanical advantage?

A

Mechanical advantage=effort arm/load arm

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9
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Divides the body into left and right

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10
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

Divides the body into front and back

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11
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Divides the body into upper and lower halves.

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12
Q

If the movement type is flexion and extension, what is the plane, axis and sporting example?

A

Sagittal plane, transverse axis, tucked somersault

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13
Q

If the movement type is abduction and adduction, what is the plane, axis and sporting example?

A

Frontal plane, sagittal axis, cartwheel

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14
Q

If the movement type is rotation, what is the plane, axis and sporting example?

A

Transverse plane, longitudinal axis, full twist jump.

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15
Q

What is the cardio-respiratory system?

A

The name used to describe the respiratory system and cardiovascular system working together.

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16
Q

What is the difference between inspiration and expiration?

A

Inspiration is the process of breathing in whereas expiation is the process of breathing out.

17
Q

What is the process of gas exchange?

A
  1. Air is breathed in and passes down the trachea through the bronchioles and into the alveoli.
  2. This air then reaches the alveoli where it enters the capillaries through the process of diffusion.
    3.Carbon dioxide then moves into the alveoli as the carbon dioxide concentration is lower in the alveoli than the capillaries
18
Q

What is meant by oxyhaemogoblin?

A

A chemical formed when oxygen bonds to haemogoblin

19
Q

What is haemogoblin?

A

The protein found in the red blood cells that transports oxygen.

20
Q

What is the diffusion pathway?

A

The distance travelled during diffusion. The diffusion pathway is short in gaseous exchange.

21
Q

What is meant by the term gaseous exchange?

A

The process where oxygen from the air in the alveoli moves into the blood in the capillaries while carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli.

22
Q

What are some adaptions that help the process of gas exchange?

A

Moist walls-Shorter diffusion distance
Large surface area-Allows a larger amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs.
Large blood supply-To carry more oxygen and carbon dioxide
High concentration of oxygen-Increased pressure gradient which allows more diffusion to occur

23
Q

What is the process of inspiration?

A

Air enters
Rib cage moves up and out
Intercostal muscles contract
Lungs expand
Diaphragm moves down/flattens
Chest cavity largens
Air pressure decreases in the lungs

24
Q

What is the process of expiration?

A

Air leaves
Rib cage moves down and in
Intercostal muscles relax
Lungs become smaller
Diaphragm moves up
Air pressure in the lungs increases

25
Q

How do air pressure changes occur in the chest cavity allowing exhalation to take place?

A

The diaphragm relaxes and returns to its shape
The chest cavity decreases in volume
The pressure in the chest cavity increases
The intercostal muscles relax moving the rib cage down and back

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