PE component 1.1 Flashcards
What is the musculo-skeletal system made up of?
Muscles and bones
Name the 5 functions of the skeleton
- Protection of vital organs
- Muscle attachment
- Joints for movement
- Platelet, red and white blood cell production
- Storage of calcium and phosphorus
How does the skeleton protect vital organs in sport
The hard bones of the skeleton protect vital organs from being damaged. For example if a ball hits a person’s chest the ribs protect the heart and lungs
Give two examples of bones that protect vital organs
Cranium protects the brain
Ribs protect the heart and lungs
Why is it important the skeleton allows muscle attachment?
Muscles need to attach to bones (via tendons) so that when they contract movement can occur
Platelets are needed for…
Clotting the blood. It is platelets that form a scab when you cut yourself
There are 4 different classification of bones. What are they?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
Name three long bones
Femur Phalanges Humerus Ulna Radius Tibia Fibula
Name two short bones
Carpals (wrist)
Tarsals (foot)
Name three flat bones
Cranium Patella Scapula Sternum Clavicle
Name the main group of irregular bones
Vertebrae
What is a joint?
Where two or more bones meet and therefore movement can occur
Name the four different types of joints
- Hinge
- Ball and socket
- Pivot
- Condyloid
Name the 1 pivot joint in the body
Neck - atlas and axis
Name the 3 hinge joints in the body
Elbow
Knee
Ankle
Name the 2 ball and socket joints in the body
Shoulder
Hip
Name the 1 condyloid joint in the body
Wrist
What movements are possible at a hinge joint?
Flexion
Extension
What movements are possible at a ball and socket joint?
Flexion Extension Rotation Adduction Abduction Circumduction
What movements are possible at a condyloid joint?
Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
What movement is possible at a pivot joint?
Rotation
Dorsi flexion is…
Movement at the ankle where the toes are moving towards the tibia
Plantar-flexion is..
Movement at the ankle where the toes are being moved downwards. Often seen as the pointing of toes
Rotation is…
Movement all around a single point
Bones are connected together by…
Ligaments
Muscles are connected to bones by…
Tendons
Name the three types of muscle
Involuntary
Voluntary
Cardiac
Name the four antagonistic pairs of muscles you need to know?
Bicep and Tricep
Hamstring and Quadricep
Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior
Hip Flexor and Gluteals
Which muscle works antagonistically with the hip flexor
Gluteals
Which muscle works antagonistically with the gluteals
Hip flexor
Which muscle works antagonistically with the tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Which muscle works antagonistically with the gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior
What movement is caused when the bicep contracts?
Flexion at the elbow
What movement is caused when the triceps contracts?
Extension at the elbow
What movement is caused when the deltoid contracts?
Moves the shoulder. Abduction and rotation
What movement is caused when the Pectoralis major contracts?
Adducts the arm at the shoulder
What movement is caused when the Latissimus dorsi contracts?
Adducts and extends the arm at the shoulder
What movement is caused when the gluteals contract?
Extend the leg at the hip
What movement is caused when the hip flexors contract?
Flex the leg at the hip
What movement is caused when the quadriceps contract?
Extension at the knee
What movement is caused when the gastrocnemius contracts?
Plantar-flexion at the ankle
What movement is caused when the tibialis anterior contracts?
Dorsi-flexion at the ankle
