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gcse PE main one > 3.5 drugs How To Optimise Training And Prevent Injury > Flashcards

3.5 drugs How To Optimise Training And Prevent Injury Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by an overuse injury?

A

An injury that is sustained from repeated action, e.g. running many miles a week

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2
Q

How does a warm up reduce the chance of injury?

A

It warms the body up gradually so they can cope better with the demands of the activity.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of a cool down?

A

To help prevent soreness and stiffness the following day

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4
Q

Give three pieces of a equipment worn by a hockey player to help reduce the chance of injury

A

Gum shield - protect teeth if hit in the mouth
Shin pads - protect tibia (shins) if hit in the shins
Astro trainers - protect feet from the ball and prevent twisting ankle due to good grips
Gloves - protect hands from the ball and astro grazes

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5
Q

Explain why the rules of a game help to reduce the chance of injury?

A

They ensure the game is played safely and that participants are not playing in a way that may injure themselves of another player

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6
Q

What dues RICE stand for?

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

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7
Q

When is the treatment RICE used

A

To treat minor injuries

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8
Q

What is concussion?

A

A result of a person receiving a collision or a bang to the head

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9
Q

What is a fracture?

A

Where a bone is broken. Usually as a result of sudden impact

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10
Q

What is a stress fracture?

A

An overuse injury where the impact over time causes a small break or crack in a bone

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11
Q

`What is a dislocation?

A

Where the bones at a joint are forced out of their normal position.

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12
Q

What is a sprain?

A

This is damage to a ligament, it is often overstretched, in particulalry bad cases is will tear

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13
Q

What is a strain?

A

A pull or a tear of a muscle or tendon

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14
Q

What is torn cartilage?

A

Cartilage is found between bones it absorbs impact. It can become damaged or torn as a result of regular exercise

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15
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

An injury to the tendons at the elbow as a result of repeated wrist extension - e.g. playing lots of backhand shots in tennis

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16
Q

What is golfers elbow?

A

An injury to the tendon at the elbow as a result of repeated wrist flexion - e.g. playing lots of shots in golf

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17
Q

What is an abrasion?

A

Also called grazes. Where the skin is damaged. Often bleeding occurs

18
Q

Name the 4 different soft tissue injuries

A
  1. Strain
  2. Tennis elbow
  3. Golfers elbow
  4. Abrasions
19
Q

Why do some athletes take performance enhancing drugs (PEDs)?

A

To increase their chance of winning

20
Q

Some athletes take performance enhancing drugs to increase their chance of winning. Who or what might encourage this?

A

Coach
Team mates
Financial reward such as prize money
Financial reward such as sponsorship

21
Q

List the 7 different performance enhancing drugs an athlete may take

A
  1. Anabolic steroids
  2. Beta blockers
  3. Diuretics
  4. Narcotic analgesics
  5. Peptide hormoens (EPO and growth hormone GH)
  6. Stimulants
  7. Blood dopping
22
Q

Why do athletes take anabolic steroids?

A

ncreases muscle strength allowing the athlete to train harder and recover quicker.

23
Q

What are the negative side effects of anabolic steroid?

A 
Increased risk of heart attacks and strokes
High blood pressure
Liver disease
Increased risk of muscle injury
Infertility in women
24
Q

Identify three sports where the performers may take anabolic steroids

A

Sprinting
Boxing
Basketball

25
Q

Why do athletes take beta blockers?

A

Allow the athlete to be calmer and more focused

26
Q

What are the negative side effects of taking beta blockers?

A

Nausea and diarrhoea
Tiredness
Depression
Insomnia and nightmares

27
Q

Give three sports where the performers may take beta blockers to improve their performance

A

Snooker
Archery
Clay pigeon shooting

28
Q

What are the two types of peptide hormone?

A 
Erythropeietin (EPO)
Growth hormone (GH)
29
Q

What is EPO?

A

A drugs that increases the production of red blood cells

30
Q

Why do athletes take EPO?

A

Increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood meaning the can train and compete at a higher intensity for longer

31
Q

What are the negative side effects of taking EPO?

A

Thickens the blood which leads to an increased risk of a heart attack

32
Q

Give three sports where the performer may take EPO to improve their performance

A

Cross country Skiing
Long distance cycling
Long distance running

33
Q

What are the negative side effects of taking growth hormone?

A

Fewer side effects to other similar drugs such as anabolic steroids

34
Q

Why would athletes choose to take growth hormone rather than anabolic steroids?

A

Growth hormone appears to have fewer side effects

Growth hormone currently can’t be detected by a urine test

35
Q

What are narcotic analgesics?

A

Drugs that mask or alleviate pain

36
Q

Why do athletes take narcotic analgesics?

A

To allow them to train or compete whilst injured

37
Q

What are the negative side effects of taking narcotic analgesics?

A

Loss of concentration
Loss of balance
Loss of co-ordination
Emotional effects, including hallucinations

38
Q

Loss of concentration
Loss of balance
Loss of co-ordination
Emotional effects, including hallucinations

A

What are stimulants?

39
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system, such as increased mental and physical alterness

40
Q

Why do athletes take stimulants?

A

Allow them to think more quickly by stimulating the central nervous system.
Helps them to overcome tiredness.
Help to offset the effects of lactic acid on the body

41
Q

What are the negative side effects of taking stimulants?

A 
Insomnia
Irritability
Irregular heart beat
Irregular heart rate
High blood pressure
Addiction
42
Q

What is blood doping?

A

A process where the number of red blood cells are boosted in athlete’s body.
Often athletes train at altitude, this naturally increases their red blood cells. They then have up to 2 pints of blood removed and the red blood cells frozen. The body recovers and the normal level of blood restored. Close to competition the red blood cells are unfrozen and put back into the athletes body.

gcse PE main one (11 decks)

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