1.4 The Short And Long Term Effects Of Exercise

Question 1

Why is the resting heart rate of a trained athlete lower than that of an untrained person?

Answer 1

The heart is a muscle so becomes bigger and stronger with exercise.
The stronger heart can beat more blood with each beat.
This means it doesn’t have to beat as often, lowering resting heart rate.

Question 2

What happens to your heart rate recovery time as you get fitter?

Answer 2

It decreases

Question 3

Define cardiac output

Answer 3

The mount of blood pumped by the heart in a minute

Question 4

What is the equation to calculate cardiac output?

Answer 4

cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

Question 5

Why does an althlete’s breathing rate not return to resting as soon as they stop exercising

Answer 5

The body has to repay the oxygen that has been used. This is most notable after anaerobic exercise when a person may take a number of very deep breaths.

Question 6

Name the short term effects of exercise on the cardio-respiratory system

Answer 6

Increased breathing rate
Increased breathing depth
Increased cardiac output
Increased heart rate
Increased tidal volume

Question 7

Name the long term effects of exercise on the cardio-respiratory system

Answer 7

Increased cardiac output
Increased stroke volume
Decrease in heart rate recovery time

Question 8

Give the three long term effects of exercise on the musculo-skeletal system

Answer 8

1. Increased bone density
2. Increased strength of ligaments and tendons
3. Muscle hypertrophy

Question 9

Give three examples of weight bearing exercises

Answer 9

Netball
Running
Football
Yoga
Tennis

Question 10

Give two examples of non weight bearing exercise

Answer 10

Swimming

Cycling

Question 11

What is the name given to the condition that elderly people develop as a result of not enough weight bearing exercise?

Answer 11

Osteoporosis

Question 12

What is the benefit of increased ligament and tendon strength to a sports performer

Answer 12

Reduced the chance of injury. They can stretch further and make bigger more sudden movements without the ligaments and tendons tearing

Question 13

Why is rest important for a sports performer?

Answer 13

It allows the body to recover and adapt.

Question 14

List the four long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system

Answer 14

1. Increased lung capacity therefore increased vital capacity
2. Increased number of alveoli
3. Increased strength of diaphragm
4. Increased strength of intercostal muscles

Question 15

List the eight long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system

Answer 15

1. Decreased resting heart rate
2. Faster recovery rate
3. Increased resting stroke volume
4. Increased maximum cardiac output
5. Increased size and strength of the heart (cardiac hypertrophy)
6. Increased capillarisation
7. Increased number of red blood cells
8. Drop in resting blood pressure as walls of blood vessels more elastic

Question 16

How does a decrease in resting heart rate occur as a result of regular exercise

Answer 16

The heart is a muscle. Exercise will increase the size and strength of the heart. A bigger and stronger heart can pump more blood with each beat. This means the heart doesn’t have to beat as often per minute to pump the same amount of blood around the body. Decreasing resting heart rate.

Question 17

Explain why blood pressure decreases as a result of regular exercise

Answer 17

As a result of regular exercise the walls of the blood vessels become more elastic. This means when more blood is being forced along them (when we exercise) they can expand and cope with the increase in blood volume. This then means blood pressure is decreased.

Question 18

What is the benefit of increased intercostal muscle strength?

Answer 18

Stronger intercostal muscles mean the ribs can be pulled out further. This provides more space for the lungs to inflate, increasing the amount of oxygen that can come into the body