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PDO Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

75-80-80 rule

A

Rule of thumb for rapidly setting up an aerial ladder with detachable waterway: The device is set at a 75 degree angle , is extended to 80% of its length, and operates 80 psi (560 kPa) nozzle pressure for a 1.5 inch tip (38mm).

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2
Q

A-frame Stabilizer

A

A type of aerial apparatus stabilizer that extends away from the vehicle and to the ground at an angle.

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3
Q

acceleration skids

A

sliding and the loss of control caused by applying a vehicle’s gas pedal too quickly

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4
Q

acceptance testing

A

preservice tests on fire apparatus or equipment, performed at the factory or after delivery, to assure the purchaser that the apparatus or equipment meets bid specifications

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5
Q

Acoustic emission inspection

A

Tests that use special equipment that identify flaws in the metal of an aerial device by emitting sound waves into the device and reading them at a distant point.

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6
Q

Actuator Valve

A

A valve that controls the flow of hydraulic oil from an aerial apparatus hydraulic system to the hydraulic cylinders.

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7
Q

acute

A

sharp or severe; having a rapid onset and short duration

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8
Q

aeration

A

introduction of air into a foam solution to create bubbles that result in finished foam

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9
Q

aerial apparatus

A

firefighting vehicle equipped with a hydraulically operated ladder, elevating platform, or other similar device for the purpose of placing personnel and or water streams in elevated positions

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10
Q

aerial device

A

general term used to describe the hydraulically operated ladder or elevating platform attached to a specially-designed fire apparatus

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11
Q

Aerial device extension cylinders

A

Dual cylinders fitted upon the base section of an aerial device that are used to extend the second section of the device.

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12
Q

Aerial device hoisting cylinders

A

Cylinders responsible for elevating an aerial device from its stowed position. Also called Elevating Cylinders.

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13
Q

aerial function interlocks

A

An interlock that will prevent the aerial device from operating until the parking brakes have been set and the transmission has been placed in neutral or the transmission is in the drive position with the driveline to the rear axle disengaged.

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14
Q

aerial ladder

A

power operated ladder, usually employing Hydraulics, that is mounted on a special truck chassis

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15
Q

aerial ladder truss

A

assembly of bracing bars or rods in triangular shapes that form a rigid framework for the aerial device

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16
Q

air brake test

A

series of tests used to ensure the service stability of an air brake system. Test include air loss, air compressor build up, air warning, and emergency parking brake activation.

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17
Q

airdrop

A

process of dropping water, short-term fire retardant, or long-term fire retardant from an air tanker or helicopter onto a Wildland Fire

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18
Q

air-actuated braking systems

A

braking systems that use compressed air to hold off a spring break and applies air pressure to a service break for vehicle stopping. Parking brake

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19
Q

aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus

A

Aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus. Vehicles that provide immediate suppression of flammable liquid fires and suppression of spill vapors on airport properties.

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20
Q

alcohol-resistant aqueous film forming foam concentrate (ar-afff)

A

aqueous film forming foam that is designed for use with polar solvent fuels

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21
Q

all-hazard concept

A

a coordinated approach to a wide variety of incidence colon all responders use a similar, coordinated approach with a common set of authorities, protections, and resources

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22
Q

Alley dock exercise

A

The alley dock exercise tests the driver/operator’s ability to move the vehicle backward within a restricted area such as an alley, dock, or fire station without hitting the walls and to bring the vehicle to a smooth stop close to the rear wall.

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23
Q

altitude

A

Geographic position of a location or object in relation to sea level. The location maybe either above, below, or at sea level

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24
Q

ammeter

A

gauge that indicates both the amount of electrical current being drawn from and provided to the vehicle’s battery

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25
Q

anchor point

A

point from which a fire line is begun; usually a natural or man-made barrier that prevents fire spread and the possibility of the crew being flanked while constructing the fire line. Examples include lakes, ponds, streams, Rhodes, earlier Burns, rock sides, and cliffs

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26
Q

Angle of approach

A

The angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the front tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the front of the apparatus.

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27
Q

Angle of departure

A

The angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the rear of the apparatus.

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28
Q

Anti-Electrocution Platform

A

A slide out platform located at the control panel of an aerial apparatus and designed to prevent the electrocution of the operator if the aerial device comes into contact with electric wires.

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29
Q

anti-lock braking systems

A

an electronic system that monitors wheel spin. When braking and a real are sensed to begin locking up, the brake on that wheel is temporarily released to prevent skidding

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30
Q

apparatus typing

A

categorization and description of apparatus commonly exchanged in disasters via Mutual Aid by capacity and or capability

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31
Q

application rate

A

minimum amount of foam solution that must be applied to an unignited fire, spill, or spill fire to either control vapor and Mission or extinguish the fire; measured per minute per square foot of area to be covered

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32
Q

aqueous film forming foam

A

synthetic foam concentrate that, when combined with water, can form a complete Vapor Barrier over fuel Spills & Fires and is a highly effective extinguishing and blanketing agent on hydrocarbon fuels. Also known as light water.

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33
Q

around-the-pump proportioner

A

apparatus mounted foam proportioner in which a small quantity of water is diverted from the apparatus pump through an inline portioner. There it picks up the foam concentrate and carries it to the intake side of the pump. It is the most common apparatus mounted foam proportioner in service

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34
Q

articulating aerial platform

A

Ariel device that consists of two or more balloons that are attached with hinges and operate in a folding Manor. A passenger carrying platform is attached to the working end of the device

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35
Q

atc

A

Automatic traction control. Helps improve traction on slippery roads, by reducing drive wheel overspin.

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36
Q

attack pumper

A

A pumper that is positioned at the fire scene and is directly supplying attack lines. A light truck equipped with a small pump and water tank.

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37
Q

atypically stressful event

A

term used in NFPA standards to describe incidents that have a likelihood of causing critical incident stress

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38
Q

auger

A

tool for boring / drilling holes in floors and other solid barriers including ice

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39
Q

auxiliary cooling devices

A

Devices that function to control the temperature of coolant in the apparatus engine during pumping operations.

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40
Q

Auxiliary Hydraulic Pump

A

A positive displacement pump that is electrically operated and is intended to supply emergency hydraulic pressure through the apparatus’ main hydraulic system if the main hydraulic pump fails.

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41
Q

back flushing

A

cleaning a fire pump or piping by flowing water through it in the opposite direction of normal flow

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42
Q

back pressure

A

pressure loss or gain created by changes in elevation between the nozzle and pump

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43
Q

baffle

A

intermediate partial bulkhead that reduces the surge effect in a partially loaded liquid tank

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44
Q

base

A

location at which the primary incident management logistics functions are coordinated and administered, the incident command post may be co-located with the base. There is only one bas per incident.

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45
Q

Base Rails

A

The lower chords of an aerial ladder to which the rungs, trussing, and other portions of the ladder are attached. Also known as beams.

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46
Q

Basket stabilizer

A

The locking device that secures the aerial platform during travel of the apparatus.

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47
Q

Batch mixing

A

production of foam solution by adding an appropriate amount of foam concentrate to a water tank before application;the resulting solution must be used or discarded following the incident

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48
Q

Battalion

A

fire department organizational subdivision consisting of several fire service companies in a designated geographic area. A battalion is usually the first organizational level above individual companies or stations

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49
Q

beams

A

The lower chords of an aerial ladder to which the rungs, trussing, and other portions of the ladder are attached. Also known as base rails.

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50
Q

bed ladder pipe

A

Non Telescoping section of pipe, usually 3 or 3.5 inches in diameter, attached to the underside of the bed section of the aerial ladder for the purpose of deploying an elevated master stream

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51
Q

biodegradable

A

capable of being broken down into innocuous products by the actions of living things, such as microorganisms

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52
Q

bleed

A

process of releasing liquid or gas under pressure, such as releasing air from the regulator or cylinder of a self contained breathing apparatus; or allowing air to escape from a hoseline before or during operations.

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53
Q

bleeder valve

A

A valve on a gate intake that allows air from an incoming supply line to be bled off before allowing water into the fire pump.

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54
Q

Blitz attack

A

An exterior attack using large caliber fire streams directed at the seat of the fire in an effort to knock it down before it fully develops.

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55
Q

body substance isolation (BSI)

A

comprehensive method of infection control in which every patient is assumed to be infected’ personal protective equipment is worn to prevent exposure to bodily fluids and bloodborne and airborne pathogens

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56
Q

Box Stabilizer

A

A type of aerial apparatus stabilizer that extends straight out from the frame of the truck with jacks that extend vertically to the ground at a right angle.

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57
Q

brake fade

A

The loss of braking function which occurs due to excessive use of the brakes.

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58
Q

braking distance

A

distance the vehicle travels from the time the brakes are applied until it comes to a complete stop

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59
Q

breakover angle

A

The angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the bottom of the frame at the wheelbase midpoint.

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60
Q

burnback resistance

A

The ability of a foam blanket to resist direct flame impingement such as would be evident in a partially extinguished petroleum fire.

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61
Q

Bypass-Type Balanced Pressure Proportioner

A

A foam concentrate proportioner that operates in tandem with a fire water pump to ensure a proper foam concentrate-to-water mixture.

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62
Q

cab interlock

A

An interlock that will prevent the cab from raising if the engine is running.

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63
Q

carcinogen

A

cancer producing substance

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64
Q

cavitation

A

A condition where water is being discharged from a fire department pumper faster than its coming in.

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65
Q

cdl

A

A driver’s license that is issued two individuals who demonstrate confidence inspecting and driving vehicles with a gross vehicle rating of 26,001 pounds. Called CDL.

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66
Q

cellar nozzles

A

A specialized nozzle used in basement fires, which is lowered through the floor or through some other suitable opening. Also known as distributors.

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67
Q

centrifugal pump

A

pump with one or more impellers that rotate and utilize centrifugal force to move the water. Most modern fire pumps are of this type

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68
Q

chain of command

A

order of rank and authority in the fire and emergency services

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69
Q

chassis lubrication

A

applying grease and other lubricants to specific parts of a chassis to reduce wear, noise, and binding

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70
Q

check valves

A

automatic valve that permits liquid flow in only one direction. For example, the inline valve that prevents water from flowing into a foam concentrate container when the nozzle is turned off or there is a kink in the hoseline

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71
Q

chimney nozzles

A

A specialized nozzle developed to attack chimney flue fires. The nozzle delivers a very fine misty fog cone which can put the fire out quickly without causing damage to the flue liner due to sudden cooling.

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72
Q

chronic

A

long term and recurring

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73
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

term for several diseases that result in obstructive problems in the airways

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74
Q

circle or walk around method

A

inspection method in which the driver or inspector starts at one point of the apparatus and continues in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction inspecting the entire apparatus

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75
Q

cistern

A

water storage receptacle that is usually underground and may be supplied by a well or rainwater runoff

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76
Q

clapper valves

A

a hinged valve that permits the flow of water in one direction only

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77
Q

class a foam concentrate

A

foam specially designed for use on class A combustibles. Class a foams, hydrocarbon based surfactants are essentially wetting agents that reduce the surface tension of water and allow it to soak into combustible materials more easily than plain water. Class a foams are becoming increasingly popular for use in wildland and structural firefighting

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78
Q

class b foam concentrate

A

foam fire suppression agent designed for use on ignited or unignited class b flammable or combustible liquids

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79
Q

cold zone

A

safe area outside of the warm zone where equip0ment and personnel are not expected to become contaminated and special protective clothing is not required; the incident command post and other support functions are typically located in this zone

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80
Q

collapse zone

A

The collapse zone is the designated hazardous area around a building that should be equal to one and one half the height of the building.

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81
Q

commercial drivers license (CDL)

A

a driver’s license that is issued to individuals who demonstrate competence inspecting and driving vehicles with a gross vehicle rating of 26,001 pounds or more

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82
Q

company

A

basic fire fighting organizational unit consisting of firefighters and apparatus’ head by a company officer

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83
Q

compressed air foam systems (CAFS)

A

generic term used to describe a high energy foam generation system consisting of a water pump, a foam proportioning system, and an air compressor that injects air into the foam solution before it enters a hoseline

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84
Q

condensed q formula

A

A formula that was developed for fireground operations in which friction loss can be determined for 3, 4, and 5 inch hose.

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85
Q

conductivity readings

A

A nondestructive test conducted on aluminum ladders through the registering of hardness and by taking conductivity readings throughout the length of the ladder. A wide divergence in the reading indicates a change in the integrity of the material.

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86
Q

constant pressure relay method

A

A relay pumping method that establishes the maximum flow available from a particular relay setup by using a constant pressure in the system..

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87
Q

contamination zone

A

The area between the hot zone and the cold zone which is considered safe for workers to enter briefly without special protective clothing. Also known as the warm zone, limited access zone, or yellow zone.

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88
Q

critical velocity

A

There are practical limits to the velocity in which a stream of water can travel through hoseline. If the velocity of the water increases beyond its limits, the friction within the hose becomes so great that the entire stream is agitated by the resistance.

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89
Q

culture

A

the shared assumptions, beliefs, and values of a group or organization

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90
Q

curb weight

A

The weight of an empty fire apparatus off the assembly line, with no tools, water, equipment or passengers

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91
Q

deadheading

A

operating a hydraulic pump without allowing flow through the system, which generates tremendous heat and pressure and can damage components

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92
Q

decomposition

A

chemical change in which a substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances. result of oxygen acting on a material that result in a change in the materials’ composition; oxidation occurs slowly, sometimes resulting in the rusting of metals

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93
Q

defensive attack

A

exterior fire attack that is limited to controlling the spread of fire, with an emphasis on exposure protection

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94
Q

dependable lift

A

height of a column of water may be lifted in sufficient quantity to provide a reliable fire flow. Lift may be raised through a hard suction hose to a pump, taking into consideration the atmospheric pressure and friction loss within the hard suction hose. Dependable lift is usually considered to be 14.7 feet

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95
Q

diesel particulate filter (DPF)

A

device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.

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96
Q

distribution system

A

part of an overall water supply system that receives the water from the pumping station and elievers it throughout the area to be served.

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97
Q

distributor(nozzle)

A

a specialized nozzle used in basement fires, which is lowered through the floor or through some other suitable opening. Also known as seller nozzles

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98
Q

drafting

A

process of acquiring water from a static source and transferring it into a pump that is above the source’s level; atmospheric pressure on the water surface forces the water into the pump where a partial vacuum was created

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99
Q

Dry foam

A

a Class A foam mixture containing low water and high air content in neighboring the phone to adhere to surfaces for exposure protection

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100
Q

Dry Hydrant

A

permanently installed pipe that has pumper suction connections installed at static water sources to speed drafting operations

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101
Q

Dry-barrel Hydrant

A

fire hydrant that has its operating valve at the water main rather than in the barrel of the hydrant. When operating properly, there is no water in the barrel of the hydrant when it is not in use. These hydrant are used in areas where freezing may occur

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102
Q

Dual Pumping

A

operation where a strong hydrant is used to supply to Pumpers by connecting the Pumpers intake to intake. The second pumper receives the excess water not being pumped by the first pumper, which is directly connected to the water supply source

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103
Q

due regard

A

driver/operators drive with due regard for the safety of others using the highways. State vehicle codes provide and give special privileges to the operators or emergency vehicles; however, this does not relieve the operator from the duty and responsibility to drive with due regard for the safety of others

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104
Q

dump line

A

secured hoseline that is used to handle excess water during a relay operation

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105
Q

dump site

A

location approved for water shuttle apparatus to discharge their water for other apparatus to draw during incident operations

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106
Q

dynamic load

A

loads that involve motion. They include the forces arising from wind, moving Vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, or falling objects, as well as the addition of a moving load Force to an aerial device or structure. Also known as shock loading

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107
Q

eduction

A

process used to mix foam concentrate with water in a nozzle or proportioner; concentrate is drawn into the water stream by the venturi method

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108
Q

eductor

A

portable proportioning device that injects a liquid, such as foam concentrate, into the water flowing through a hoseline or pipe. venture device that uses water pressure to draw foam concentrate into a water stream for mixing; also enables a pump to draw water form an auxiliary source.

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109
Q

elevating platform

A

work platform attached to the end of an articulating or telescoping aerial device

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110
Q

elevation

A

height of a point above sea level or some other reference point

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111
Q

elevation pressure

A

gain or loss of pressure in a hose line due to a change in elevation

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112
Q

engine compression brake

A

any device that uses the engine and transmission to impede the forward motion of the motor vehicle by compression of the engine

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113
Q

exclusion zone

A

the area around a hazardous materials incident which has been contaminated by the released material. Also known as The Hot Zone, Red Zone, or restricted Zone

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114
Q

fill site

A

location at which tankers/tenders will be loaded during a water shuttle operation

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115
Q

Film forming fluoroprotein foam

A

foam concentrate that combines the qualities of fluoroprotein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam

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116
Q

fire department connection

A

point at which the fire department can connect into a sprinkler or standpipe system to boost the water pressure and flow in the system. This connection consists of a clappered Siamese with two or more two and a half inch intakes or one large diameter intake

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117
Q

fire fighting boots

A

protective footwear meeting the design requirements of NFPA, OSHA, and CAN/CSA

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118
Q

fire flow testing

A

procedure used to determine the rate of water flow available for firefighting at various points within the distribution system

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119
Q

fireboat

A

vessel or watercraft designed and constructed for the purpose of fighting fires; provides a specified level of pumping capacity and personnel for the extinguishment of fires in the marine environment

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120
Q

fixed lights

A

vehicle or aerial device mounted lights that provide overall lighting’s of an emergency scene. Capable of generating 500 to 1500 watts per lights

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121
Q

flowmeter

A

mechanical device installed in a discharge line that senses the amount of water flowing and provides a readout in units of gallons per minute

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122
Q

fly section

A

extendable section of ground extension or aerial ladder

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123
Q

foam

A

extinguishing agent formed by mixing a foam concentrate with water and aerating the solution for expansion; for use on class a and class b fires. Foam may be protein, fluoroprotein, film forming fluoroprotein, synthetic, aqueous film forming, high expansion, alcohol type, or alcohol resistant type

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124
Q

foam concentrate

A

raw chemical compound solution that is mixed with water and air to produce finished foam; may be protein, synthetic, aqueous film forming, high expansion, or alcohol types. Raw foam liquid as it rests in its storage container before the introduction of water and air.

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125
Q

foam expansion

A

result of adding air to a foam solution consisting of water and foam concentrate. Expansion creates the foam bubbles that result in finished foam or foam blanket

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126
Q

foam proportioner

A

device that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution

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127
Q

foam solution

A

the result of mixing the appropriate amount of foam concentrate with water; foam solution exists between the proportioner and the nozzle or aerating device that adds air to create finished foam. The mixture of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air

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128
Q

fog stream

A

water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control

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129
Q

force

A

simple measure of weight, usually expressed in pounds or kilograms

130
Q

four way hydrant valve

A

device that permits a pumper to boost the pressure in a supply line connected to a hydrant without interrupting the water flow

131
Q

free play

A

amount of travel the clutch has before it begins to disengage the engine from the transmission

132
Q

friction loss

A

loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of the hose or pipe

133
Q

front mount pump

A

fire pump mounted in front of the radiator of a vehicle and powered off the crankshaft

134
Q

fulcrum type stabilizer

A

stabilizing device that extends at an angle down and away from the chassis of an aerial fire apparatus. Also known as a frame, scissor, or X style stabilizer

135
Q

functional check

A

an inspection wear a certain system or component of an apparatus is operated to ensure that it is functioning properly

136
Q

Gelling agents

A

superabsorbent liquid polymers capable of absorbing hundreds of times their own weight in water. These gels can be used as fire suppressants and fire retardants. Gels function by entrapping water in their structure rather than air, as is the case with fire fighting foams.

137
Q

Gravity circle

A

theoretical safety zone that surrounds the center of gravity on an aerial apparatus.

138
Q

grid system

A

water supply system that utilizes lateral feeders for improved distribution

139
Q

gross axle weight rating

A

maximum amount of weight that an axle system can safely carry

140
Q

gross negligence

A

willful and wanton disregard

141
Q

ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)

A

device designed to protect against electrical shock; when grounding occurs, the device opens a circuit to shut off the flow of electricity.

142
Q

ground gradient

A

electrical field that radiates outward from where the current enters the ground; its intensity dissipates rapidly as distance increases from the point of entry

143
Q

hazard

A

condition, substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss; the source of risk

144
Q

hazard control zone

A

system of barriers surrounding designated areas at emergency scenes, intended to limit the number of persons exposed to a hazard and to facilitate its mitigation.

145
Q

head

A

alternate term for pressure, especially pressure due to elevation. For every 1 foot increase in elevation, 0.434 psi is gained.

146
Q

hearing protection

A

device that limits noise induced hearing loss when firefighters are exposed to extremely loud environments, such as apparatus engine noise, audible warning devices, and the use of power tools and equipment.

147
Q

hoisting cylinder

A

hydraulic cylinders used to lift the aerial device from its bed to a working position

148
Q

hot zone

A

potentially hazardous area immediately surround the incident site; requires appropriate PPE and other safety precautions. Typically limited to technician level personnel.

149
Q

huck bolt

A

mechanically applied rivet used in the construction of some aerial devices; huck bolts can only be removed by drilling.

150
Q

hydrant wrench

A

specially designed tool used to open or close a hydrant and to remove hydrant caps

151
Q

hydraulic braking systems

A

braking system that uses a fluid in a closed system to pressurize wheel cylinders when activated

152
Q

hydrocarbon fuel

A

petroleum based organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon

153
Q

hydrolyze

A

to cause or undergo a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the element water

154
Q

hydrostatic test

A

testing method that uses water under pressure to check the integrity of pressure vessels.

155
Q

ice shrugging

A

slowly extending and retracting the aerial device to remove accumulated ice

156
Q

IDLH

A

description of any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or produces immediate irreversible, debilitating effects on health

157
Q

impeller

A

vaned, circulating member of the centrifugal pump that transmits motion to the water

158
Q

impeller eye

A

intake orifice at the center of a centrifugal pump impeller

159
Q

incident commander

A

person in charge of the incident command system and responsible for the management of all incident operations during an emergency

160
Q

incident management system

A

System described in NFPA 1561, that defines the roles responsibilities and standard operating procedures used to manage emergency operations. Such systems may also be referred to as incident command systems.

161
Q

Initial attack fire apparatus

A

fire apparatus whose primary purpose is to initiate a fire attack on structural and wildland fires and support associated fire department actions.

162
Q

Injection

A

method of proportioning foam that uses an external pump or head pressure to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the correct ratio for the flow desired.

163
Q

in line eductor

A

eductor that is placed along the length of a hoseline

164
Q

in line proportioner

A

type of foam delivery device that is located in the water supply line near the nozzle. Foam concentrate is drawn into the water line using the venturi method

165
Q

insurance services office (ISO)

A

private national insurance organization that evaluates and rates fire defense for all communities through the fire suppression rating schedule. Also serves as an advisory organization to other property liability insurance companies.

166
Q

intake hose

A

hose used to connect a fire department pumper or a portable pump to a nearby water source; may be soft sleeve or hard suction hose

167
Q

interlock

A

safety device that prevents a component from functioning when another component is functioning

168
Q

inverter

A

step up transformer that converts a vehicles 12 or 24 volt dc current into 110 or 220 ac current.

169
Q

jackknifing

A

condition of truck tractor/semitrailer combination when their relative positions to each other form an angle of 90 degrees or less about the trailer king pin, such as turning the tractor portion of a tractor tiller aerial apparatus at an angle from the trailer to increase stability when the aerial device is being used.

170
Q

jet ratio controller (JRC)

A

type of foam eductor that is used to supply self educting master stream nozzles; may be located at distances up to 3000 feet from the nozzle

171
Q

kickplate

A

four inch metal plate that runs around the bottom edge of an elevating platform to prevent a firefighters boot from slipping off the edge of the platform.

172
Q

knuckle

A

joint between two sections of boom in an articulating aerial device

173
Q

Large Diameter Hose (LDH)

A

Relay supply hose of 3.5 to 6 inches in diameter; used to move large volumes of water quickly with a minimum number of pumpers and personnel

174
Q

Level 1 Staging

A

Used on all multiple company emergency responses. The first arriving vehicles of each type proceed directly to the scene and the others stand by a block or two from the scene and await orders. Units usually stage at the last intersection on their route of travel before reaching the reported incident location.

175
Q

level 2 staging

A

Used on large scale incidents where a larger number of fire and emergency services companies are responding; these companies are sent to a specified remote location to await assignment

176
Q

Lift

A

Theoretical, scientific height that a column of water may be lifted by atmospheric pressure in a true vacuum. At sea level this height is 33.8 feet. The height will decrease as elevation increases.

177
Q

Line personnel

A

Personnel who provided emergency services to external customers (the public)

178
Q

Load Chart

A

Graphical or tabular description of the load that can be distributed on an aerial device based on factors such as extension, elevation, stabilizer setup, wind, waterflow, and ice load

179
Q

load management system

A

electrical monitoring system that will shed electrical load in a predetermined order if the chassis voltage begins to drop below a predetermined level

180
Q

Load monitor

A

device that watches an electrical system for added loads that may threaten to overload the system

181
Q

load sequencer

A

device in an electrical system that turns on lights at specified intervals so that the startup load for all the devices does not occur at the same time

182
Q

load shedding

A

when an overload condition occurs the load monitor shuts down less important electrical equipment to prevent the overload

183
Q

locked wheel skid

A

skid usually caused by braking too hard at a high rate of speed and locking the wheels. the vehicle will skid no matter which way the steering wheel is turned

184
Q

maintenance

A

keeping equipment or apparatus in a state of usefulness or readiness

185
Q

manhole

A

hole through which a person may go to gain access to an underground or enclosed structure. Opening usually equipped with a removable, lockable cover, that is large enough to admit a person into a tank trailer or dry bulk trailer.

186
Q

manual shift transmission

A

component of the powertrain that receives torque from the engine and converts it to rotation to the wheels. a clutch is used to disengage the transmission from the engine to allow the apparatus to start, stop or change gears to maximize engine performance.

187
Q

maximum lift

A

maximum height to which any amount of water may be raised through a hard suction hose to a pump; determined by the ability of the pump to create a vacuum.

188
Q

mechanical blower

A

high expansion foam generator that uses a fan to inject the air into the foam solution as it passes through the unit

189
Q

mechanical foam

A

foam produced by a physical agitation of a mixture of foam concentrate, water, and air

190
Q

midi pumper

A

apparatus sized between a mini pumper and a full sized fire department pumper, usually with a gross vehicle weight of 12000 pounds or greater. The midi pumper has a fire pump with a rate capacity generally not greater than 1000 gpm

191
Q

military specifications (mil specs)

A

specifications developed by the us department of defense for the purchase of materials and equipment

192
Q

mini pumper

A

small fire apparatus mounted on a pickup truck sized chassis, usually with a pump having a rated capacity less than 500 gpm. It’s primary advantage is speed and mobility, which enables it to respond to fires more rapidly than larger apparatus

193
Q

miscible

A

materials that are capable of being mixed in all proportions

194
Q

mitigate

A

to cause to become less harsh or hostile; to make less severe, intense or painful; to alleviate

195
Q

mop up

A

overhaul of a fire or hazardous material scene. In wildland firefighting, the act of making a fire safe after it is controlled by extinguishing or removing burning material along or near the control line, felling dead trees (snags) and trenching logs to prevent rolling

196
Q

National incident management system - incident command system (NIMS - ICS)

A

US mandated incident management system that defines the roles, responsibilities, and standard operating procedures used to manage emergency operations; creates a unified incident response structure for federal, state, and local governments

197
Q

Negligence

A

breach of duty in which a person or organization falls to perform at the standard required by law or that would be expected by a reasonable person under similar circumstances

198
Q

Net pump discharge pressure (NPDP)

A

Actual amount of pressure being produced by the pump; difference between the intake pressure and the discharge pressure.

199
Q

Nondestructive testing

A

method of testing metal objects that does not subject them to stress related damage

200
Q

Non potable water

A

water that has not been examined, properly treated, or approved by appropriate authorities as being safe for consumption

201
Q

Nozzle reaction

A

counterforce directed against a person holding a nozzle or a device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged

202
Q

nurse tanker

A

very large water tanker, generally 4000 gallons or larger, that is stationed at the fire scene and serves as a portable reservoir rather than a shuttle tanker

203
Q

open butt

A

end of a charged hoseline that is flowing water without a nozzle or valve to control the flow

204
Q

operational readiness inspection

A

inspecting an apparatus and equipment on the apparatus to ensure that all equipment is in place, clean and ready for service

205
Q

outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) valve

A

Outside stem and yoke valve; a type of control valve for a sprinkler system in which the position of the center screw indicates whether the valve is open or closed.

206
Q

Overload

A

operation of equipment or a conductor in excess of its rate ampacity; continuous overload may result in overheating that damages the equipment

207
Q

over throttling

A

process of injecting or supplying the diesel engine with more fuel than can be burned.

208
Q

Parapet wall

A

vertical extension of an exterior wall, and sometimes an interior fire wall, above the roofline of a building

209
Q

performance requirements

A

written list of expected capabilities for new apparatus. The list is produced by the purchaser and presented to the manufacturer as a guide for what is expected.

210
Q

personal alert safety system (PASS)

A

electronic lack of motion sensor that sounds a loud alarm when a firefighter becomes motionless; can also be manually activated

211
Q

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

General term for the equipment worn by fire and emergency services responders; includes helmets, coats, trousers botts, eye protection, hearing protection, protective gloves, protective hoods, self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) personal alert safety system (PASS) devices, and chemical protective clothing. When working with hazardous materials, bands or tape are added around the legs, arms and waist

212
Q

pickup tube

A

solid or flexible tube used to transfer roam concentrate from a storage container to the in line eductor or proportioner.

213
Q

pin

A

mechanical means to secure the master stream monitor to the ladder; anchoring mechanisms may include pins, levers, or clamps.

214
Q

piston pumps

A

positive displacement pump using one or more reciprocating pistons to force water from the pump chambers

215
Q

polar solvents

A

liquid having a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are permanently separated, resulting in their ability to ionize in solution and create electrical conductivity. Water, alcohol and sulfuric acid are examples.

216
Q

policy

A

organizational principle that is developed and adopted as a basis for decision making

217
Q

portable tank

A

collapsible storage tank used during a relay or shuttle operation to hold water from water tanks or hydrants; this water can then be used to supply attack apparatus.

218
Q

positive displacement pumps

A

self priming pump that utilizes a piston or interlocking rotors to move a given amount of fluid through the pump chamber with each stroke of the piston or rotations of the rotors. Used for hydraulic pumps on aerial devices’ hydraulic systems and for priming pumps on centrifugal fire pumps

219
Q

poss indicator valve (PIV)

A

type of valve used to control underground water mains that provides a visual means for indicating open or shut positions; found on the supply main of installed fire protection systems. The operating stem of the valve extends above ground through a post and a visual means is provided at the top of the post for indicating open or shut

220
Q

post maintenance/repair inspection

A

specific inspection to an area of a chassis or apparatus to ensure that the unit is operating properly in accordance with the manufacturers initial design.

221
Q

post incident analysis

A

overview and critique of an incident by members of all responding agencies, including dispatchers. Typically takes place within two weeks of the incident. in the training environment it may be used to evaluate student and instructor performance during a training evolution

222
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

disorder caused when persons have been exposed to a traumatic event in which they have experienced, witness, or been confronted with an event or events that involve actual death, threatened death, serious injury or threat of physical injury to self or others.

223
Q

power take off system (PTO)

A

mechanism that allows a vehicle engine to power equipment such as a pump, winch, or portable tool; it is typically attached to the transmission

224
Q

pre incident planning

A

act of preparing to manage an incident at a particular location or a particular type of incident before an incident occurs.

225
Q

premizing

A

mixing pre measured portions of water and foam concentrate in a container. typically, the premix method is used with portable extinguishers, wheeled extinguishers, skid mounted twin agent units, and vehicle mounted tank systems.

226
Q

pressure

A

force per unit area exerted by a liquid or gas measured in pounds per square inch

227
Q

pressure differential

A

effect of altering the atmospheric pressure within a confined space by mechanical means. When air is exhausted from within the space, a low pressure environment is created and replacement air will be drawn in ; when air is blown into the space, a high pressure environment is created and air within will move to the outside.

228
Q

pressure governor

A

pressure control device that controls engine speed, eliminating hazardous conditions that result from excessive pressures.

229
Q

pre trip road worthiness inspection

A

visual inspection of an apparatus to ensure the major components of the chassis are present and in proper working condition.

230
Q

priming device

A

any device, usually a positive displacement pump, used to exhaust the air from inside a centrifugal pump and the attached hard suction; this creates a partial vacuum, allowing atmospheric pressure to force water from a static source through the suction hose into the centrifugal pump.

231
Q

procedure

A

outline of the steps that must be performed in order to properly follow an organizational policy. procedures help an organization to ensure that it consistently approaches a task in the correct way, in order to accomplish a specific objective.

232
Q

proportioning

A

mixing of water with an appropriate amount of foam concentrate in order to form a foam solution

233
Q

protective coat

A

coat worn during firefighting rescue and extrication operations.

234
Q

protective gloves

A

protective clothing designed to protect the hands

235
Q

protective hood

A

hood designed to protect the firefighters ears, neck and face from heat and debris;typically made of nomex, kevlar or PBI and available in long or short styles.

236
Q

protective trousers

A

trousers worn to protect the lower torso and legs during emergency operations.

237
Q

protein foam concentrate

A

foam concentrate that consists of a protein hydrolysate plus additives to prevent the concentrate from freezing, prevents corrosion of equipment and containers, prevents bacterial decomposition of the concentrate during storage, and controls viscosity.

238
Q

proximity fire fighting

A

activities required for rescue, fire suppression, and property conservation at fires that produce high radiant, conductive, or convective heat; includes aircraft, hazardous materials transport, and storage tank fires.

239
Q

pump and roll

A

ability of an apparatus to pump water while the vehicle is in motion

240
Q

pump charts

A

charts carried on a fire apparatus to aid the pump operator in determining the proper pump discharge pressure when supplying hoselines.

241
Q

pump discharge pressure (PDP)

A

Actual pressure of the water as it leaves the pump and enters the hoseline; total amount of pressure being discharged by a pump. In mathematical terms, it is the pump intake pressure plus the net pump discharge pressure. Measured in pounds per square inch.

242
Q

Pumper outlet nozzle

A

fire hydrant outlet that is 4 inches in diameter or larger

243
Q

Pumper/Tender

A

Mobile water supply apparatus equipped with a fire pump. In some jurisdictions, this term is used to differentiate a fire pump equipped mobile water supply apparatus whose main purpose is to attack the fire.

244
Q

Quint

A

Apparatus that serves as an engine and as a ladder truck; equipped with a fire pump, water tank, ground ladders, hose bed and aerial device

245
Q

reaction distance

A

distance a vehicle travels while a driver transfers a foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal after perceiving the need for stopping.

246
Q

reckless disregard

A

act of proceeding to do something with a conscious awareness of danger, while ignoring any potential consequences of so doing. Reckless disregard, while not necessarily suggesting an intent to cause harm, is a harsher condition than ordinary negligence.

247
Q

refractometer

A

device used to measure the amount of foam concentrate in the solution; operates on the principle of measuring the velocity of light that travels through the foam solution.

248
Q

rehabilitation

A

allowing firefighters or rescuers to rest, rehydrate and recover during an incident; also refers to a station at an incident where personnel can rest, rehydrate and recover

249
Q

relay

A

to shuttle water between a source and an emergency scene using mobile water supply apparatus

250
Q

relay operation

A

using two or more pumpers to move water over a long distance by operating them in series; water discharged from one pumper flows through hoses to the inlet of the next pumper, and so on.

251
Q

repair

A

to restore or put together something that has become inoperable or out of place.

252
Q

rescue pumper

A

specially designed apparatus that combines the functions of both a rescue vehicle and a fire department pumper

253
Q

residual pressure

A

pressure at the test hydrant while water is flowing; represents the pressure remaining in the water supply system while the test water is flowing and is that part of the total pressure that is not used to overcome friction or gravity while forcing water through fire hose, pipe, fittings, and adaptors

254
Q

response district

A

geographical area to which a particular apparatus is assigned to be first due on a fire or other emergency incident.

255
Q

retroreflective trim

A

surfaces such as those used on road signs, emergency vehicle markings, protective clothing, or safety vests which are designed to reflect light along multiple planes at once, giving the surface the appearance of illumination

256
Q

risk

A

likelihood of suffering harm from a hazard; exposure to a hazard. The potential for failure or loss.

257
Q

risk management plan

A

written plan that identifies and analyzes the exposure to hazards, selects appropriate risk management techniques to handle exposures, implements those techniques, and monitors the results.

258
Q

road tests

A

preservice apparatus maneuverability tests designed to determine the road worthiness of a new vehicle.

259
Q

roll on application method

A

method of foam application in which the foam stream is directed at the ground at the front edge of the unignited or ignited liquid fuel spill;foam then spreads across the surface of the liquid.

260
Q

rotary vane pumps

A

type of positive displacement pump commonly used in hydraulic systems. A rotor with attached vanes is mounted off center inside the pump housing; pressure is imparted on the water as the space between the rotor and the pump housing wall decreases.

261
Q

safety data sheets (SDS)

A

form provided by the manufacturer and blender of chemicals that contains information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures of a specified material.

262
Q

selector valve

A

three way valve on a fire department aerial apparatus that directs oil to either stabilizer control valves or the aerial device control valves.

263
Q

self educting master stream foam nozzle

A

large capacity nozzle with built in foam eductor

264
Q

self educting nozzle

A

handline nozzle that has the foam eductor built into it.

265
Q

shock loading

A

loads that involve motion; includes the forces arising from wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, falling objects, or the addition of a moving load force to an aerial device or structure

266
Q

short jacking

A

setting the stabilizers on one side of an apparatus shorter than the stabilizers on the other side; usually done when access for full stabilization is restricted.

267
Q

siamese appliance

A

hose appliance that has two or more female inlets and a single male outlet. it is equipped with hinged gates (clapper valves) that prevent water from being discharged through an open inlet.

268
Q

situational awareness

A

perception of one’s surrounding environment and the ability to anticipate future events.

269
Q

size up

A

ongoing evaluation of influential factors at the scene of an incident.

270
Q

skid

A

uncontrolled slide across a surface in a wheeled vehicle

271
Q

slack adjusters

A

devices used in an air brake system that connect between the activation pads and the brake pads that compensate for brake pad wear.

272
Q

solid fire stream

A

hose stream that stays together as a solid mass, as opposed to a fog or spray stream; a solid stream is produced by a smooth bore nozzle and should not be confused with a straight stream

273
Q

span of control

A

maximum number of subordinates that one individual can effectively supervise; ranges from three to seven individuals or functions, with fire generally established as optimum.

274
Q

Spotting

A

positioning the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fireground. Positioning a ladder to reach an object or person.

275
Q

stabilizer

A

device that transfers the center of gravity of an apparatus and prevents it from tipping as the aerial device, hydraulic lifting boom, gin pole, or A fram is extended away from the centerline of the chassis.

276
Q

stabilizer pad

A

unattached flat metal plate that is larger in area than the stabilizer foot; placed on the ground beneath the intended resting point of the stabilizer foot, in order to provide better weight distribution.

277
Q

stabilizer shoe

A

flat metal plate attached to the bottom of the aerial apparatus stabilizer to provide firm footing on the stabilizing surface.

278
Q

staff personnel

A

personnel who provide administrative and logistical support to line units

279
Q

staging

A

standardized process or procedure by which available resources responding to a fire or other emergency incident are held in reserve at a location away from the incident while awaiting assignment.

280
Q

staging area manager

A

company officer of the first arriving company at the staging who takes command of the area and is responsible for communicating available resources and resourced needs to the operations section chief.

281
Q

standard operating procedure (SOP)

A

formal methods or rules to guide the performance of routine functions or emergency operations. Procedures are typically written in a handbook, so that all firefighters can consult and become familiar with them.

282
Q

static water supply

A

supply of water at rest that does not provide a pressure head for fire suppression but may be employed as a suction source for fire pumps; for example, water in a reservoir, pond, cistern

283
Q

steamer connection

A

large diameter outlet usually 4.5 inches, at a hydrant or at the base of an elevated water storage container.

284
Q

steering wheel play

A

in a steering system, the amount of travel between turning the wheel and when the steering system moves

285
Q

stokes basket

A

wire or plastic basket type litter suitable for transporting patients from locations where a standard litter would not be easily secured, such as a pile of rubble, a structural collapse, or the upper floor of a building; may be used with a harness for lifting.

286
Q

structural fire fighting

A

activities required for rescue, fire suppression, and property conservation in structures, vehicles, vessels and similar types of properties.

287
Q

structural firefighters protective clothing

A

general term for the equipment worn by fire and emergency services responders; includes helmets, coats, eye protection, protective gloves, protective hoods, self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) personal alert safety system (PASS) devices

288
Q

surfactant

A

chemical that lowers the surface tension of a liquid; allows water to spread more rapidly over the surface of Class A fuels and penetrate organic fuels.

289
Q

tachometer

A

instrument that indicates the rotational speed of a shaft in revolutions per minute; usually indicates engine speed

290
Q

tandem pumping

A

short relay operation in which the pumper taking water from the supply source pumps into the intake of the second pumper; the second pumper then boosts the pressure of the water even higher. this method is used when pressures higher than the capability of a single pump are required.

291
Q

telescoping aerial platform

A

elevating platform equipped with piping systems and nozzles for elevated master stream operations. Telescoping aerial devices are not meant to be climbed and are equipped with a small ladder that is to be used only for escape from the platform in emergency situations.

292
Q

tender

A

term used within the incident command system for a mobile piece of apparatus that has the primary function of supporting another operation; examples include a water tender that supplies water to pumpers, or a fuel tender that supplies fuel to other vehicles.

293
Q

theoretical lift

A

theoretical, scientific height that a column of water may be lifted by atmospheric pressure in a true vacuum. At sea level this height is 33.8 feet. The height will decrease as elevation increases.

294
Q

throw out bearing

A

component used to push on the internal clutch fingers connected to the clutch pedal and when activated, disengages the clutch from the engine

295
Q

tillered trailer

A

trailer equipped with steerable rear wheels

296
Q

tiller operator

A

driver/operator of the trailer section of a tractor tiller aerial ladder apparatus

297
Q

tilt cab

A

truck that uses a cab that lowers over the powertrain

298
Q

torsional stress

A

twisting action or an applied force resulting in a rotational twist

299
Q

torque

A

force that tends to create a rotational or twisting motion. Measurement of engine shaft output. Force that produces or tends to produce a twisting or rortational action

300
Q

total stopping distance

A

sum of the driver reaction distance and the vehicle braking distance

301
Q

traffic control zone

A

operational zone established on or near a roadway for the rerouting of traffic and protection of civilians and responders; may include a hot, warm, and cold zone depending on the incident

302
Q

training evolution

A

operation of the fire and emergency services training covering one or several aspects of fire fighting.

303
Q

trunnion

A

in a hydraulic cylinder, the pivoting end of the piston rod that is connected to the anchor ear by the heel pin.

304
Q

turntable

A

rotational structural component of the aerial device. Its primary function is to provide continuous rotation on a horizontal plane

305
Q

unity of command

A

organizational principle in which works report to only one supervisor in order to eliminate conflicting orders

306
Q

vacuum

A

in the fire and emergency services, a pressure that is somewhat less than atmospheric pressure; a vacuum is needed to facilitate drafting of water from a static source

307
Q

variable flow demand type balanced pressure proportioner

A

foam proportioning system that is used in both fixed and mobile applications; a variable speed mechanism drives the foam pump and automatically monitors the flow of foam to produce an effective foam solution.

308
Q

variable-flow variable-rate direct-injection system

A

apparatus mounted foam system that injects the correct amount of ofam into the pump piping, thereby supplying all discharges with foam. the system automatically monitors the operation of the hoselines and maintains a consistent quality of foam solution.

309
Q

vaulted surfaces

A

ground above underground vaults, such as underground parking structures, utility chases, drainage culverts, and basements, that extends under sidewalks or underground transportation systems

310
Q

venturi effect

A

physical law stating that when a fluid, such as water or air , is force under pressure through a restricted orifice, there is an increase in the velocity of the fluid passing through the orifice and a corresponding decrease in the pressure exerted against the sides of the constriction. because the surrounding fluid is under greater atmospheric pressure, it is forced into an area of lower pressure.

311
Q

voltmeter

A

device used for measuring existing voltage in an electrical system.

312
Q

volute

A

spiral, divergent chamber of a centrifugal pump, in which the velocity energy given to water by the impeller blades is converted into pressure.

313
Q

warm zone

A

area between the hot and cold zones that usually contains the decontamination corridor; typically requires a leser degree of personal protective equipment than the hot zone

314
Q

water hammer

A

force created by the rapid deceleration of water; causes a violent increase in pressure that can be powerful enough to rupture piping or damage fixtures. Generally results from closing a valve or nozzle too quickly.

315
Q

water supply pumper

A

pumper that takes water from a source and sends it to attack pumpers operating at the fire scene

316
Q

water tower

A

aerial device primarily intended for deploying an elevated master stream; not generally intended from climbing purposes.

317
Q

wear rings

A

replaceable rings that are attached to the impeller and/or the pump casing to allow a small running clearance between the impleler and pump casing without causing wear of the actual impeller or pump casing material.

318
Q

wet barrel hydrant

A

fire hydrant that has water all the way up to the discharge outlets; my have separate valves for each discharge or one valve for all the discharges. This type of hydrant is only used in areas where there is no danger of freezing weather conditions.

319
Q

wildland/urban interface

A

line, area, or zone where an undeveloped wildland area meets a human development area

320
Q

wye

A

hose appliance with one female inlet and two or more male outlets; the outlets are usually smaller than the inlet and are usually gated.

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