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Fireground Ops Flashcards

1
Q

Technical advances and improvements are designed to do what?

A

For the most part they are designed to supplement the use of water against a fire or to increase its efficiency.

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2
Q

NFPA 1410

A

Standard on Training for initial Emergency Scene Operations, provides an objective method of measuring performance for initial fire suppression and rescue procedures using available personnel and equipment

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3
Q

NFPA 1410 specifies…

A

Specifies basic evolutions that can be adapted to local conditions

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4
Q

Three major tactical priorities on the fireground

A

Life safety, Extinguishment, Property conservation – Listed in order that they should be carried out, but can be done simultaneously

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5
Q

4 ways that heat travels

A

Convection, radiation, conduction, and direct flame contact

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6
Q

What is in plentiful supply in structural fire situations?

A

Fuel and oxygen

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7
Q

Convection cycle

A

Heat transferred by circulation with a medium such as a gas or liquid

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8
Q

Which heat transfer method is responsible for the need for ventilation?

A

Convection

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9
Q

Modern building codes are aimed at limiting fire spread by convection through fire resistant construction, which is intended to confine convection currents to __

A

One floor or to a small area of a floor

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10
Q

Which heat transfer method is the greatest cause for exposure fires after the fire has built to sizable proportions?

A

Radiation

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11
Q

Will ventilation help remove radiant heat?

A

Not really, radiant heat must be counteracted with water on the seat of the fire

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12
Q

Which heat transfer method is usually the least of the problems

A

Conduction, but it should not be overlooked

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13
Q

Conduction can cause steel members to fail. 100’ steel expansion at 1000F?

A

9 inches

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14
Q

Rollover

A

A condition where unburned products of combustion from a fire accumulate at the ceiling level in a sufficient concentration that they ignite momentarily.

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15
Q

Does radiation alone generally cause flashover?

A

No, it is usually a combination of radiation and convection

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16
Q

Incomplete combustion causes what gas to be produced more?

A

Carbon Monoxide

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17
Q

How can fire fighter’s control backdraft?

A

By using proper ventilation and fire attack procedures

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18
Q

A fire department must operate using what system on the fireground?

A

Incident Management System (IMS), this is required by law

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19
Q

What are the primary responsibilities of an engine company?

A

Life safety and applying water to the fire

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20
Q

9 basic firefighting tasks of an engine company

A

search and rescue, water supply, use attack lines, use backup lines, protect exposures, use master streams, tactical use of protective systems, property conservation, and overhaul

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21
Q

Special attention should be given to which engine company task?

A

primary search

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22
Q

3 additional size up factors

A

time of day, weather conditions, and life safety considerations

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23
Q

The IMS system must have an….

A

overall strategic plan

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24
Q

Who is responsible for the strategic plan?

A

The incident commander

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25
Q

__ will determine how you prolong your actions - along with the location and intensity of the fire.

A

Proper sizeup

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26
Q

Engine company personnel should have a good working knowledge of their __

A

first alarm district

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27
Q

Equipment should be chosen for its…? (two things)

A

quality and dependability

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28
Q

In regards to personnel, equipment should be chosen…

A

that allows a limited number of fire fighters to carry out fire-ground operation safely and efficiently

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29
Q

It is the responsibility of the __ to ensure that the fire apparatus and the equipment carried on such apparatus is compliant, adequate, and functional for the task.

A

AHJ

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30
Q

The engine itself should be equipped with a pump having a rated capacity of no less than __ GPM and a water tank that carries at least __ gallons of water.

A

750 GPM; 300 gallons

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31
Q

The operational objective is to arrive at the scene of the emergency with the necessary equipment for __

A

immediate life safety operations and emergency control

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32
Q

NFPA 1901 requires a minimum hose storage for 2.5 inch or larger hose of __

A

30 cubic feet

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33
Q

NFPA 1901 requires two areas with minimum of __ cubic feet to accomodate 1.5 inch or larger preconnects.

A

3.5 cubic feet

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34
Q

Which size hoses can be used with a divided hose bed?

A

2.5, 3, 4, 5 inch hoses

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35
Q

NFPA 1901 requires a minimum of __ ft of 1.5, 1.75, or 2 inch hose.

A

400 ft

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36
Q

Preconnected hose lines of 1.5 or 1.75 inch should not exceed __ ft in length because of excessive friction loss.

A

250 ft

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37
Q

What are the most common lengths for preconnects?

A

150 or 200 ft

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38
Q

NFPA 1901 requires a minimum of __ ft of 2.5 inch hose.

A

800 ft

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39
Q

Because of the reduced nozzle pressure and lower nozzle reaction, a line with a ___ nozzle will be easier to maneuver and operate inside the fire building.

A

Solid stream nozzle

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40
Q

What is the type of nozzle where the tip is equipped with a screw down tread at the end, usually attached to 2.5 inch.

A

Leader line type, so that a smaller hose line can be added to the end.

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41
Q

A supply hose is an LDH of __ inches or larger.

A

3.5 inches

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42
Q

NFPA 1142

A

Standard on water supplies for suburban and rural fire fighting

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43
Q

NFPA 1142 states that where delivery rates exceed __ gallons per minute and water is moved a long way, an LDH is most efficient

A

500 gpm

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44
Q

A 4 inch LDH flows almost __ times the capacity of a 2.5 inch

A

3.5 times

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45
Q

A nozzles purpose is to convert __ to __

A

pressure energy to velocity energy

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46
Q

What nozzles does NFPA require?

A

One combination spray nozzle, 200 gpm min. Two combination spray nozzle, 95 gpm min. And one playpipe, with shutoff and 1-, 1-1/8-, and 1-1/4- tips

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47
Q

Solid stream handlines may have nozzle tips up to __ in diameter

A

1-1/4 inch

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48
Q

At 50 psi an 1-1/8 inch tip on a 2.5 inch hose will flow __

A

250 gpm

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49
Q

At winds above __ you will need to use a straight tip for penetration.

A

30 mph

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50
Q

In most interior structure operations, the fog pattern of a spray nozzle is no greater than __

A

30 degrees

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51
Q

NFPA 1901 recommends a master stream appliance of __ gpm minimum.

A

1000 gpm

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52
Q

When the master stream appliance is not preconnected, __ short sections ( __ to __ in length) of 2.5 or 3 inch hose or and LDH should be rolled in doughnut rolls and connected to the appliance.

A

One or two; 15 to 25 feet

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53
Q

NFPA 1901 requires a min of __ ft of soft section hose or __ ft of hard suction hose.

A

15 ft soft or 20 ft hard suction hose

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54
Q

Pumpers will carry a min of __ __-foot section of hard sleeves (hard suction)

A

2 10-foot sections

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55
Q

A side or rear intake may be used, but normally the soft suction hose is connected to the __

A

front intake

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56
Q

Which intake location is most efficient when drafting?

A

Side intake because it is closer to the pump; front intake permits easier maneuvering and better positioning

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57
Q

Engine ops book recommends connecting __ valves to the 2.5 inch connections on a hydrant

A

Ball valves, IFSTA says gate valves

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58
Q

Where there are no ladder trucks in service, pumpers should normally be equipped with a __ extension ladder.

A

35 foot extension ladder

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59
Q

Name some special circumstances that ladders can be used. (5 things)

A

Ice rescues, bridging incidents, shoring, hoisting operations, and damming operations

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60
Q

What are the 4 basic hose lays for supply hose?

A
  1. Forward lay using a charged supply line. 2. forward lay using an uncharged supply line. 3. Direct to fire - no line laid (or split lay). 4. Reverse lay using a charged line
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61
Q

Which type of supply lay is useful when narrow driveways or limited access may hamper operations at the fire building?

A

Forward lay using an uncharged supply line

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62
Q

When must the first arriving company officer ensure that the company has laid and charged its own supply line for water supply?

A

If he notes that the fire is serious or if smoke or fire is showing

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63
Q

The direct to fire approach for water supply is quite effective in areas that __

A

do not have hydrant systems

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64
Q

One of the disadvantages of the direct to fire approach for water supply is __

A

There is little or no margin of safety for attack crews.

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65
Q

When performing a reverse lay, __ should dictate what fire fighters should remove from the pumper before it proceeds to the hydrant.

A

Standard operating guidelines

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66
Q

__ should mandate apparatus placement.

A

SOGs

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67
Q

NFPA 1620

A

Recommended Practice for pre incident planning

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68
Q

A preincident plan should not be confused with a __, which monitors code compliance.

A

Fire inspection

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69
Q

The following factors should be evaluated when assessing the potential situations that could affect a facility during emergency conditions: (7 things)

A
  1. Construction (access to buildings), 2. Occupant characteristics (life safety considerations), 3. Protection systems, 4. Capabilities of responding personnel,5. Availability of mutual aid, 6. Water supply, 7. Exposure factors
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70
Q

Companies should not be assigned a task unless there is __

A

A task for them to perform

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71
Q

Consideration should be given to the following factors when developing a schedule for preincident plans: (7 things)

A
  1. Potential life safety hazard, 2. Structural size and complexity, 3. Value, 4. Importance to the community, 5. Location, 6. Presence of chemicals, 7. Susceptibility to natural disasters
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72
Q

Proper positioning of a pumper at a fire depends on: (6 items)

A
  1. Physical characteristics of the structure, 2. Location of the structure, 3. Availability or lack of water supply, 4. Normal alarm response pattern with companies in quarters, 5. Size and location of the fire, 6. Need for aerial apparatus
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73
Q

When positioning, It should be common practice for the first arriving pumper to __

A

Pull past the fire building in order to get a view of 3 sides and allow room for aerials

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74
Q

Define “coverage” as used in the Engine company ops book

A

The assignment of companies to particular portions of the fire ground for sizeup and to accomplish any or all of the objectives of a fire operation.

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75
Q

What is the first and most basic step in coverage?

A

Positioning the apparatus

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76
Q

In approaching a building with a wide frontage, the pumper should be positioned at the __

A

Entrance that is most accessible to the fire

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77
Q

In standpiped buildings, the intakes are usually near the __

A

Front entrance

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78
Q

When no rear access to a detached building is available, pumpers need to be positioned __ so that hose lines and equipment can be carried to the rear.

A

In front of the building or at the end of the building row

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79
Q

If possible, ladders (aerial and ground ladders) should be placed on __ of a building for access and egress from the building.

A

All four sides

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80
Q

How should set back buildings with limited access be handled?

A

The first engine should approach as close to the building as fire and wind conditions permit. The second engine should locate to the rear of the first and then proceed on foot to provide rear or side coverage.

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81
Q

Where do many fires start in mercantile areas?

A

In the work/storage sections behind the sales floor

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82
Q

In a mercantile area, how should the main body of fire in the rear be attacked?

A

From the front or unburned side of the building

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83
Q

Garden apartments are usually limited in height to __

A

Three or four stories

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84
Q

Do garden apartments have good or poor construction?

A

Poor

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85
Q

For high rise buildings, the first arriving company should be positioned so that crew members have ready access to __ and __

A

The front entrance and to standpipe inlets and outlets

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86
Q

Ordinarily, the first arriving engine covers the __ of the fire building; the second covers the __ and other responding companies should be __

A

Front; rear; directed by command

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87
Q

All members are expected to operate under a __

A

Risk management profile

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88
Q

To ensure a risk management guideline is in place, what must take place? (5 things)

A
  1. Command must be established, 2. Fire fighters need to be in full PPE, 3. An accountability system must be established, 4. Safety procedures must be in place and adhered to, 5. Continuous risk assessment throughout the incident
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89
Q

More firefighters are injured in __ more than any other type of occupancy.

A

single family dwellings

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90
Q

Even before the __ the officer should have begun a careful sizeup of the fire scene.

A

Pumper has stopped

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91
Q

Bystanders can give __

A

Unreliable information

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92
Q

Unofficial reports that “everyone has escaped” should not __

A

Delay or halt the primary search, especially in multifamily residences

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93
Q

Immediate rescue, without a coordinated fire attack, should __

A

Be attempted only in extreme cases (window jumpers)

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94
Q

Many times victims that you see __

A

May not be the ones in dire distress

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95
Q

Firefighters must be aware of the two-in/two-out rule as directed by __ and __

A

OSHA and NFPA 1500

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96
Q

RIT must be provided from the __ to __

A

Initial stages of an incident to its conclusion

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97
Q

If possible, the RIT should be a crew of __ fire fighters, one of whom MUST be an officer.

A

Four

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98
Q

During large operations, the RIT will normally be assigned near the __

A

Command post

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99
Q

RIT should access the preplan off of __ and __

A

The first engine and bring it to the command post

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100
Q

The primary function of the engine company in a rescue situations is to __ (3 things)

A
  1. Support the primary search. 2. Contain the fire. 3. Keep the fire from jeopardizing anyone within the fire building
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101
Q

When is the usual time that the first hose lines are being stretched and positioned?

A

During primary search

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102
Q

The search for victims is normally the function of __

A

Ladder or rescue companies

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103
Q

If the fire is smoldering, the building must be ventliated properly __ the building is entered.

A

Before

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104
Q

When the fire is free burning, ventilation should begin __ as the initial attack.

A

At the same time

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105
Q

In any type of structure, the main thrust of operations is determined by __.

A

The location and severity of the fire and the locationof the occupants most endangered by it.

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106
Q

Can you perform a primary search without an attack line when searching upper floors?

A

Yes, if no line is available. Either way, no time should be lost getting fire fighters to the upper floors above a fire.

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107
Q

Which occupants are in most danger in a typical two-story single family dwelling with two or three rooms on fire on the first floor?

A

Those close to the fire on the first floor and those directly over the fire on the second floor

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108
Q

In a large, occupied residential building, what indicates the greatest danger area for occupants?

A

The location of the fire and the direction of the most smoke

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109
Q

How should schools be evacuated?

A

Completely

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110
Q

What does the necessity to evacuate a hospital or nursing home depend on?

A

Type of construction, the size of the building, and the location and severity of the fire.

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111
Q

The SOG for search should require that the search begin __

A

Where there is the most danger to occupants

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112
Q

Following SOGs, the first are to be searched is __

A

Directly over the fire

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113
Q

Everyone engaged in search should carry a __

A

Fire ax, halligan tool, or claw tool

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114
Q

The windows of rooms that are not involved with fire and hallway windows should be __ in order to vent as much of the upper story as possible.

A

Opened or removed

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115
Q

What is an effective way to show that a room has already been searched?

A

Place a piece of light furniture in the doorway

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116
Q

How should the light piece of furniture used to show a room has been searched be placed?

A

On its side, with the legs pointing out of the room

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117
Q

When establishing water supply, __ as well as __ should be followed.

A

SOGs as well as safe work practices

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118
Q

Where the initial action is laying supply lines, this operation should involve __.

A

As few firefighters as possible, so others can be free for fire attack and rescue

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119
Q

What three factors influence the movement of water at fires?

A
  1. Water source 2. Pumper. 3. Hose
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120
Q

What are the four possible sources of water at a fire ground?

A
  1. Water main systems, 2. Static water sources, 3. Apparatus water tanks, 4. Mobile water supply apparatus
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121
Q

In regards to flow testing of hydrants, the fire department should __

A

Either run its own tests or be a part of the process if testing is done by another agency

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122
Q

Factors that affect the flow rate of a water main system are __

A

The sizes of mains, the capabilities and locations of elevated reservoirs, and the capacities of pumps if used in the system

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123
Q

Can static pressure and residual pressure both be read on the compound gauge?

A

YES, static with no water flowing and residual with water flowing

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124
Q

Percentage rule for adding lines according to engine company ops book.

A

Drop of 5% can add 3 times the flow. Drop of 10% can add 2 times the flow. Drop of 20% can add 1 times the flow

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125
Q

What are the two types of mobile water supply apparatus?

A

Tankers and tenders

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126
Q

Mobile water supply apparatus generally carry __ to __ gallons.

A

1,000 to 3,500 gallons; PDO book says 1500 to 3000.

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127
Q

Vehicles carrying 1,000 gallons of water or more with a fire pump are generally referred to as __

A

Tankers

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128
Q

Can Pumper-tankers be used to shuttle water from a water source to the fire ground?

A

It should not; It should be used for fire attack or relay pumping.

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129
Q

Vehicles carrying 1,000 gallons of water or more without a fire pump or using a small PTO pump are called __

A

Tenders

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130
Q

During shuttle operations, what determines the number of attack lines that can be placed in service?

A

The supply of water that can be maintained by the mobile water supply apparatus

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131
Q

__ is the key to establishing standard operating guidelines affecting water supply requirements.

A

Preincident planning

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132
Q

A pumper has a mounted fire pump that is at least __

A

750 gpm

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133
Q

__ percent of rated capacity at 200 psi

A

70

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134
Q

__ percent of rated capacity at 250 psi

A

50

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135
Q

Intakes must have __ if the apparatus is to be used in the US

A

Male NH threads; maybe a female swivel coupling with NH threads…the book is contradictory

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136
Q

The usual practice is to install one 2.5 inch discharge for each __ of rated capacity.

A

250 gpm

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137
Q

__ should be provided on pumpers to complement their rated capacity.

A

Adequate discharge outlets

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138
Q

The pump must not be operated above __ percent of its rated peak speed for any length of time.

A

80 percent

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139
Q

The limit of a pump may be imposed either by __ or __.

A

Pump speed or true pump capacity

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140
Q

The residual pressure should not be allowed to drop below __, except under extreme conditions.

A

10 psi

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141
Q

What is the proper thing to do if it looks like residual pressure is dropping below 10 psi?

A

Notify the company officer, lower the discharge pressure of the pump, NEVER shut down a hose line without consent of the people on the end

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142
Q

Attack hose is designed to convey water to __

A

Hose line nozzles, distributer nozzles, master stream appliances, portable hydrants, manifolds, standpipe and sprinkler systems, and pumps used by the fire department

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143
Q

The attack hose is designed for use at operating pressures up to at least __

A

275 psi

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144
Q

An LDH has a diameter __ inch or larger.

A

3.5 inch

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145
Q

When LDH is providing water to attack lines, master streams, portable hydrants, manifolds, and standpipe and sprinkler systems, what should be used?

A

A pressure relief device set at 200 psi

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146
Q

A 2.5 inch line should not be used to deliver much more than __ gpm. The FL at this flow is __ per 100 ft of line.

A

350 gpm; 25 psi per 100 ft

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147
Q

Flow for 1000 ft of one 2.5 inch hose at 175 PDP.

A

275 gpm

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148
Q

Flow for 1000 ft of two 2.5 inch hose at 175 PDP.

A

550 gpm

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149
Q

Flow for 1000 ft of one 3 inch hose at 175 PDP.

A

440 gpm

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150
Q

Flow for 1000 ft of one 4 inch hose at 175 PDP.

A

880 gpm

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151
Q

Flow for 1000 ft of one 5 inch hose at 175 PDP.

A

1,400 gpm

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152
Q

FL for 2.5 inch at 250 gpm.

A

About 15 psi per 100 ft

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153
Q

Is there a decrease in pressure when using 2.5 inch coupling on 3 inch hose?

A

Little will be noticed because the increased velocity at the coupling makes up for most of the loss

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154
Q

NFPA 1961 defines an LDH as a hose with an __ diameter of __ inches or larger.

A

Inside; 3.5 inches; generally an LDH measures 4 inches or greater

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155
Q

A 4 inch LDH can deliver a volume of water to equivalent __ 2.5 inch lines.

A

Three and a half times

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156
Q

A 5 inch LDH can deliver a volume of water equivalent to __ 2.5 inch lines

A

Six

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157
Q

If an LDH is available, it should __ be used for water supply.

A

Always

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158
Q

What will indicate what type of supply line should be used?

A

Training, experience, and sizeup

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159
Q

As a rule, a pumper at a hydrant should initially begin pumping to a unit at the fire at a pump pressure of __

A

100 psi

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160
Q

Excessively long lays, those exceeding about __ (up to __ ft max) may require relaying operations to counteract the effect of friction loss and elevation pressure.

A

1000 ft; 2000 ft

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161
Q

When in a relay, the operator must watch the pump discharge gauge as discharge pressure will fall when the next pumper up the line begins taking water. Then what should the operator do?

A

Adjust the throttle smoothl to bring the discharge pressure up to the starting pressure

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162
Q

At the start of the relay, all pumpers should be set to pump at __

A

150 psi

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163
Q

Who must make the decision as to the type of initial attack line to use?

A

The fire fighter

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164
Q

Do fire fighters use a IMS or ICS system?

A

IMS, Incident management system

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165
Q

What is the most common type of fire encountered by responding fire fighters?

A

A free burning fire

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166
Q

What are the three methods that an interior attack can be conducted?

A

Direct, Indirect, or combination

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167
Q

Which method of fire attack is used most often in offensive fire attack situations?

A

Direct attack

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168
Q

Which type of hose stream is used with a direct attack?

A

Solid or straight stream

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169
Q

What is the objective of the indirect attack?

A

To prevent flashover

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170
Q

Is an indirect attack a good choice when victims might be present?

A

NO, a lot of steam is produced causing burns

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171
Q

Where might an indirect attack be a good choice?

A

Unoccupied Basements, attics, and storage areas

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172
Q

When using an indirect attack and the area has been cooled and ventilated, what should you do next?

A

Switch to a direct attack

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173
Q

Which buildings do not get an aggressive interior attack? (6 things)

A
  1. Buildings in various stages of demolition, 2. Abandoned for long periods, 3. Burning for a predetermined period of time, 4. Contains construction features detrimental to safe interior operations, 5. Have had previous fires, 6. Are under construction
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174
Q

The choice of initial attack lines and nozzles depends on the __ of the attack.

A

Purpose

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175
Q

What are the four different purposes of attacking a fire?

A
  1. Holding action 2. Exposure protection 3. A defensive operation 4. An offensive operation
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176
Q

Is it ok to assign one person to an attack line for interior fire fighting?

A

No

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177
Q

A 1.5 inch attack line with a spray nozzle will deliver __ to __ gpm.

A

60 to 125 gpm

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178
Q

It is recommended that the use of a __ inch hoseline be eliminated for structural fire fighting.

A

1.5 inch

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179
Q

What will help to get 2.5 inch hose lines into service more quickly?

A

Adequate staffing

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180
Q

A 1-3/4 inch line can discharge __ gpm with a smooth bore or spray nozzle

A

120-200 gpm

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181
Q

A 2.5 inch fog stream will deliver about __ gpm

A

250

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182
Q

A 2.5 inch solid stream with 1-1/8 inch tip at 50 psi will deliver __ gpm

A

265

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183
Q

A 2.5 inch solid stream with 1-1/4 inch tip at 50 psi will deliver __ gpm

A

325

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184
Q

When it is known that the building is adequately ventilated opposite the direction from which the spray nozzle is being advanced, __

A

A fog stream can be used, but at no more than a 30 degree angle

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185
Q

Flow for 1-3/4 line with smooth bore 15/16 tip.

A

180 gpm at 50 psi

186
Q

Flow for 1-3/4 line with smooth bore 1 inch tip.

A

200 gpm at 50 psi

187
Q

Low pressure spray nozzles are available that operate at __ psi nozzle pressure.

A

75 psi; Remember that IFSTA states 50 psi also

188
Q

What are the four types of spray nozzles?

A

Basic spray nozzle, Constant gallonage, constant pressure (automatic), constant/select gallonage

189
Q

With which type of nozzle will a weak stream be readily apparent?

A

Basic spray nozzle and constant gallonage spray nozzle

190
Q

If fire shows at the top of the door as it is opened, the ceiling should be hit with a __ to cool it and control the fire gases.

A

Solid stream

191
Q

Fire fighters are much more tolerant of __

A

Dry heat than they are of wet heat

192
Q

Where should you direct the stream if the area is heavily involved?

A

Direct the solid stream forward and upward at the ceiling in a side to side motion or rotate the stream.

193
Q

Which size hoseline can be ideal for getting above the fire to stop vertical spread from floor to floor by way of the windows?

A

1-3/4 inch

194
Q

What hose placement would be good on a large fire in a department store or supermarket?

A

Attack the main body of the fire with a 2.5 inch, Use 1-3/4 lines to keep the fire from spreading horizontally, Backup the smaller lines with 2.5 inch lines

195
Q

__ are the safer and more effective option for a defensive attack.

A

Master streams

196
Q

With __ involvement of a commercial space, use 2.5 inch lines as your interior attack lines

A

50 percent

197
Q

In modern garden apartments, fires are often encountered in __

A

Basement storage rooms

198
Q

How can hose lines be advanced to upper floors? (4 ways)

A
  1. Ground ladders, aerial ladders, or aerial platforms 2. By hoisting with ropes 3. By being carried in and connected through a window 4. By being passed up a window with a pike pole or shephard hook
199
Q

In a stairway, one __ of hose must be allotted for each floor because so much length is taken up in winding around stairs and through hallways

A

50 ft section

200
Q

Firefighters attempting to advance line to the fire should __ if that action will help them to advance.

A

Vent as they go

201
Q

What color might smoke be if the fire is smoldering?

A

Yellow or dirty brown

202
Q

Where should you vent a smoldering fire?

A

At as high a point as is safely possible

203
Q

What is a sign that venting is complete on a smoldering fire?

A

The smoldering fire will burst into flame

204
Q

What are the engine comany’s first line of defense?

A

Backup lines

205
Q

Are backup lines used for exposure protection?

A

NO

206
Q

Are backup lines used to attack the fire at other positions?

A

No, they are held in readiness to back up the attack lines

207
Q

Backup lines should be deployed on __

A

All structural interests

208
Q

When should backup lines be taken into the fire building?

A

Immediately after attack lines

209
Q

The engine ops book says to charge backup lines after they are in place.

A

This is not how its normally done…

210
Q

When are backup lines used?

A

When initial attack lines cannot quickly control the fire

211
Q

Backup lines should have __ and __ than initial attack lines.

A

Greater reach and deliver more water

212
Q

In general, backup lines should be at least __ than initial attack lines.

A

One size larger. Although pictures show a 2.5 inch backing up a 2.5 inch

213
Q

A 2.5 inch line should always be backed up with __

A

Another 2.5 inch line with a larger tip unless these are already in use

214
Q

One 2.5 inch line may be sufficient to back up two or more 1-3/4 inch attack lines when they are operating within __.

A

One or two floors of each other

215
Q

What should you do when an interior attack with 2.5 inch hoselines fails to control the fire?

A

Back out all fire fighters and attack using master stream appliances

216
Q

If the backup lines have to be placed in service, the initial attack lines should __

A

Be shut down if they are ineffective against the fire

217
Q

Can a backup assignment be given to personnel that were already on initial attack operations?

A

No, they will be tired and the backup operation will be understandably inefficient

218
Q

Master stream appliances should be charged and manned by __

A

Fresh crews

219
Q

How many personnel should be on a RIT team?

A

At least 4

220
Q

__ is second only to rescue on any list of the basic objectives of a firefighting operation.

A

Exposure coverage

221
Q

What is key to full exposure protection?

A

The adequate number of fire fighters

222
Q

Any special equipment that will aid in firefighting should be dispatched to the fire scene on the __

A

First alarm

223
Q

Which type of fire can lead to serious interior exposure problems?

A

Basement fires

224
Q

What are some of the greatest deterrents to exposure fires?

A

Unpierced fire walls

225
Q

Factors that affect the severity of an exterior exposure problem: (10 things)

A
  1. Recent weather, 2. Current weather, especially wind, 3. Space between fire and exposures, 4. Building construction design and materials, 5. Intensity and size of the fire, 6. Location of the fire, 7. Availibility and combustibility of the fuel, 8. Size of the fire fighting force, 9. Firefighting equipment on hand, 10. Availibility of water
226
Q

Recent weather will be a __, and present weather must be __.

A

Matter of record; observed

227
Q

Other factors that cannot be evaluated until the company arrives at the fire ground are __

A

Wind direction and velocity

228
Q

Where are flying brands and embers especially dangerous?

A

Lumber yards and other open storage areas

229
Q

Who can be assigned to flying brand patrol?

A

Under a unified command system, the police department and other authorized radio equipped personnel, such as public works employees, or employees of local utilities.

230
Q

The only way to protect exposures from radiant heat is to __

A

Cool them by the application of water

231
Q

What should be done with a standpipe system of an exposure building?

A

It should be charged

232
Q

Should you always charge a sprinkler system of an exposure building?

A

No, be ready to charge, if necessary

233
Q

You should begin with what side when providing exposure protection?

A

The leeward or downwind side

234
Q

What are the most vulnerable exposure areas when the exposure is fairly close to the fire building?

A

The parts of the exposed building just above the fire

235
Q

Where should exposure protection hose streams be directed?

A

At a level somewhat above the fire

236
Q

What provides a safer and more effective stream for most situations requiring exposure protection?

A

Master streams

237
Q

What often make good positions for exposure lines? (5 things)

A
  1. Adjoining roofs, 2. Secure and safe stacks of noncombustible stored materials, 3. Buildings across alleys, 4. Courts, 5. Narrow Streets
238
Q

The mobility of __ makes them desireable for interior exposure coverage.

A

Smaller hose lines, such as 1-3/4 inch lines, but severity may indicate need for a 2.5

239
Q

When searching for fire and making openings, the openings need to be large enough for __ (3 things)

A

Inspection, hose line manipulation, and ventilation

240
Q

Opening of concealed spaces and ventilation outlets is __

A

Ladder company work, but an engine company will have to do the job if a ladder is unavailable

241
Q

Where are vertical channels normally placed in commercial buildings, stores, and shopping centers?

A

Toward the rear

242
Q

In apartment buildings, each vertical shaft is usually placed so that it serves __.

A

Two, four, or more apartments

243
Q

What is an advantage of a thermal imageing camera?

A

It can locate fire and heat in concealed spaces

244
Q

Can a thermal imaging camera indicate the direction of fire spread?

A

YES

245
Q

What size hoseline will be most useful controlling fire in a vertical shaft?

A

A 1-3/4 inch hose line from the roof down the shaft

246
Q

In a large vertical opening, such as an elevator shaft or a stairway, it may be necessary to use __

A

2.5 inch attack lines

247
Q

For the most part, there are few exterior signs of fire spread through horizontal channels, except when __

A

The flames reach and involve the exterior walls

248
Q

Collapse may occur in little as __ minutes with bar joist roofs.

A

10 minutes

249
Q

With basement fires, offensive fires should be conducted from __

A

The interior, unburned side of the building

250
Q

__ is a key element in controlling a basement fire by permitting the products of combustion to escape while allowing fire fighters to gain entry into the basement.

A

Ventilation

251
Q

Is a high fire or low fire better off for fire fighters and occupants in terms of fire spread?

A

A high fire

252
Q

What are considered points of attack for basement fires?

A

Any and all openings

253
Q

A basement fire requires full ventilation of __

A

The basement and the first floor

254
Q

Which basement windows are preferably used for ventilation?

A

The ones opposite those being used for fire attack

255
Q

In residential or commercial buildings that have basement doors to the outside, it is best to use these doors for __ and __ through basement windows. However interior stairs must be covered.

A

Fire attack; ventilation

256
Q

Many of the vertical openings in buildings originate at __

A

the basement level

257
Q

In a basement fire, vertical openings should be opened at __

A

Roof level

258
Q

Master stream appliances should be __

A

As far away from the fire as possible while still being effective

259
Q

Master streams are placed into operation when __ (3 things)

A
  1. Hand held lines are ineffective in fire attack. 2. For exposure protection. 3. For backup lines
260
Q

To be effective, master stream appliances require water flows from __ to __.

A

350 to 2000 gpm

261
Q

What are the three types of master streams?

A

Portable, Fixed, and elevated master stream

262
Q

Portable master stream appliances are often referred to as __

A

Deck guns or monitors

263
Q

A safety lock is provided so that the lock must be manually released before the nozzle can be lowered to below a __

A

35 degree angle

264
Q

Some portable master stream appliances are made to take advantage of a __ to prevent movement.

A

Hose loop

265
Q

Where a prepiped waterway is provided on an aerial ladder, the waterway system must be capable of flowing __ at __ at full elevation and extension.

A

1,000 gpm at 100 psi nozzle pressure

266
Q

A permanently attached monitor must be provided with a __ nozzle.

A

1,000 GPM nozzle

267
Q

What are the most common smooth bore tip sizes for master stream appliances? (4 things)

A

1-3/8, 1-1/2, 1-3/4, and 2 inches

268
Q

How much will a 1-3/8 inch tip discharge at 80 psi?

A

500 gpm

269
Q

How much will a 1-1/2 inch tip discharge at 80 psi?

A

600 gpm

270
Q

How much will a 1-3/4 inch tip discharge at 80 psi?

A

800 gpm

271
Q

How much will a 2 inch tip discharge at 80 psi?

A

1000 gpm

272
Q

When operating a smooth bore master stream, if water supply is a problem, what should you do?

A

Use a smaller tip

273
Q

Can a 1-1/4 inch tip be used as a master stream?

A

Yes, if water supply is a problem. It will produce 400 gpm at 80 psi.

274
Q

What water delivery rates are spray nozzles on master streams capable of?

A

300 to 1250 gpm

275
Q

What are general increments if a master stream spray nozzle has a selectable flow rate?

A

250, 350, 500, 750, and 1000

276
Q

How many psi must be added due to the friction loss of the master stream device?

A

20-25 psi

277
Q

Master stream scenario 1, 100 ft from pumper to appliance.

A

1-1/4 smooth bore nozzle (80 psi), 400 gpm stream, Single 2.5 inch water supply, 115 psi pump pressure

278
Q

Master stream scenario 2, 100 ft from pumper to appliance.

A

Spray nozzle (100psi), 750 gpm stream, Two 2.5 inch water supply, 130 psi pump pressure

279
Q

Master stream scenario 3, 100 ft from pumper to appliance.

A

2 inch smooth bore nozzle (80 psi), 1000 gpm flow, Single 4 inch supply line, 100 psi pump pressure

280
Q

What is the smallest nozzle tip used on master stream appliances?

A

1-1/4 inch

281
Q

It is suggested that a max length of __ of hose be used between the pumper and a master stream appliance when using smaller supply lines.

A

100 ft; It may need to be longer than this, but you should consider LDH

282
Q

What is an initial recommended discharge pressure for master streams?

A

115 to 130 psi

283
Q

A great deal of extra pressure will cause a solid stream to __

A

Break up as soon as it leaves the nozzle; A little bit of extra pressure will be no problem

284
Q

In effect, too much pressure will turn a solid stream into a __

A

Poor fog stream

285
Q

With a master stream, what factors determine which type of nozzle is used and how it should be operated?

A

Wind conditions and the distance to the fire or exposure.

286
Q

What nozzle type is most effective when using a master stream for fire attack?

A

Smooth bore

287
Q

What is one way to combat the wind effects on a master fire stream?

A

Move the appliance closer to the fire building if conditions allow

288
Q

Solid stream nozzles will perform __ if they are positioned some distance from the building.

A

As well or better

289
Q

A solid stream may be used to attack a fire that is __ floors above the level of the appliance.

A

3-4 floors

290
Q

When operating master streams in poor visability, if possible to do so safely, and officer should __

A

Visually check the building from a safe location

291
Q

What are signs that the master stream is not entering the building in poor visability?

A

The sound of the water hitting the side of the building and heavy water runoff

292
Q

A master stream should only be used as long as __

A

Visible fire is in the area covered by the stream

293
Q

Accountability of members, as in any fire situation, __

A

Is a requirement that must be maintained throughout the incident

294
Q

What is the purpose of a standpipe system?

A

To provide a means of getting water to a fire without long, time consuming hose stretches

295
Q

The first laws, passed in major cities, required standpupes in all buildings more than __.

A

75 ft high

296
Q

NFPA 14

A

Standard for the installation of Standpipe and Hose systems

297
Q

NFPA 14 is referenced by which entities?

A

Local, state, and model building codes and insurance standards

298
Q

What are the 3 classes of standpipe systems?

A
  1. Fire department use (Class 1), 2. First aid fire fighting (Class 2), 3. Both (Class 3)
299
Q

What hose connections do Class 2 standpipe systems have?

A

1-1/2 inch

300
Q

Who are Class 2 standpipe systems intended for use?

A

Fire brigades or building occupants before the FD has arrived

301
Q

Which hose connections are provided with Class 3 standpipe systems?

A

Both 1-1/2 and 2-1/2 connections

302
Q

Based on the 1993 edition of NFPA 14, what are the 5 “types” of standpipe systems?

A
  1. Automatic Wet 2. Automatic Dry 3. Semiautomatic Dry 4. Manual Dry 5. Manual Wet
303
Q

Are semiautomatic dry systems normally filled with pressurized air?

A

Normally filled with air, but it may or may not be pressurized

304
Q

What type of valve does a semiautomatic dry system use?

A

Deluge valve

305
Q

Does a semiautomatic Dry system have a preconnected water supply?

A

YES

306
Q

Is the water supply normally connected to a manual wet system enough for fire suppression?

A

NO, the water is only to detect leaks. An FDC must be used for fire suppression

307
Q

A semiautomatic dry system requires a activation at a remote actuation device located at a __

A

Hose station or valve

308
Q

An exterior standpipe system usually runs along a __

A

Fire escape

309
Q

Where might dry systems be found?

A
  1. Unheated buildings 2. Where cities do not require wet systems 3. Buildings built before retroactive standpipe laws were passed
310
Q

Dry systems may be preferred in some heated occupancies to __

A

Prevent expensive water damage due to tampering by tenants

311
Q

What is a problem when multiple dry systems are interconnected where they can be fed off one intake?

A

The time lag for air to escape the system

312
Q

NFPA 14 requires that a water supply for class 1 and 3 systems be able to deliver a residual pressure of __ at the outlet of the top most hose connection on each standpipe.

A

100 psi; This must be accomplished while flowing 250 gpm from each of the two topmost hose connection of the most remote standpipe, plus 250 gpm from each additional standpipe.

313
Q

What is the flow requirement for Class 2 systems per NFPA 14?

A

100 gpm for 30 minutes with a residual pressure of 65 psi

314
Q

For high rise buildings, __ remotely located FDCs are required for each zone within the pumping range of fire apparatus in addition to the automatic water supply

A

Two

315
Q

Why are two FDCs required for high rise buildings?

A

To reduce the possibility of all supply hose being cut by falling glass.

316
Q

When available, a __ is almost always used as the primary source of water.

A

Public waterworks system

317
Q

What is the most common arrangement for medium and high rise apartment and office buildings?

A

A wet system supplied by a public waterworks

318
Q

In what occupancies might additional water sources be required above a public waterworks?

A

Industrial and warehouses

319
Q

Gravity tanks may hold as much as __

A

100,000 gallons of water

320
Q

Where are pressure tanks for standpipe systems usually found?

A

With smaller systems where they supply house lines with water for initial fire attack by the occupants.

321
Q

Pressure tanks rarely exceed __ and can be found anywhere in the system.

A

3,000 gallons

322
Q

How much of a pressure tank is air under pressure?

A

The top third

323
Q

With multiple standpipe systems, when the risers are interconnected, the system must have __ intakes.

A

Two or more

324
Q

What type of valve is usually found on the water source for fire protection systems in industrial and warehouse properties?

A

Postindicator valves

325
Q

What type of valve is usually found on the water source for fire protection systems in apartment buildings, office buildings, and stores?

A

Gate valves or OS&Y valves

326
Q

What are the two common types of PIVs?

A

Butterfly and window type

327
Q

Does a class 2 standpipe system require an FDC?

A

NO

328
Q

Are there valves between a siamese and riser outlet?

A

NO

329
Q

Most FDCs are provided with one 2.5 inch inlet for every __ gpm of design flow rate for the system.

A

250 gpm

330
Q

Signs should be provided to indicate whether an FDC connection serves a __ (3 things)

A

Standpipe, sprinkler, or both

331
Q

When hooking up to a siamese FDC, which line should you hook up first?

A

The left side

332
Q

What is the minimum size of a standpipe?

A

4 inches

333
Q

What can you do if the fire is severe and more flow is needed to an FDC?

A

Hook the engine siamese connections to the FDC siamese.

334
Q

The best arrangement for supplying a standpipe system is to have a pumper positioned within __ of the standpipe siamese.

A

100 feet

335
Q

What do you need to consider with a wet system and a damaged siamese FDC?

A

Connect to the first floor outlet, but charge the hose before opening the valve so that water flows the right direction.

336
Q

When should FD personnel use house lines?

A

Never

337
Q

When carrying tools to make a standpipe connection, what should be considered?

A

Tools should be lightweight, and only those abolutely necessary brought during intial attack

338
Q

Considering standpipe connections, the first hose line into the building should be at least __ feet long.

A

150 feet

339
Q

Describe a “break apart” nozzle for highrise attack.

A

A low pressure (75 psi) spray nozzle rated at 150 gpm coupled witha 15/16 solid bore (50 psi) rated at 180 gpm

340
Q

What has proved most effective for master stream operations inside a building with a large open area?

A

Single or two-inlet deluge set with a solid bore tip

341
Q

Where should an equipment pool (also called interior staging or resource area) be set up?

A

Usually 2 or more floors below the fire floor

342
Q

When working in buildings with standpipe systems (large buildings), all assignments should be given to teams of at least __

A

Two firefighters

343
Q

Must fire fighters have hose lines to check the floor above a fire?

A

If possible yes, but without them if necessary

344
Q

All floors, especially those immediately above the fire, are __

A

Considered exposures

345
Q

Lapping fire from window to window if of particular concern with what type of construction?

A

Fire resistant buildings

346
Q

In high rise fire situations, the elvators and stairways are managed by __

A

Lobby control

347
Q

Elevators should not be used for fires on __

A

Lower floors of a building

348
Q

An elevator should never be taken to __

A

The fire floor or any floor above the fire

349
Q

SOGs should state that fire fighters using an elevator must stop __

A

Two floors or more below the fire and then use the stairway to the fire floor

350
Q

When it is difficult to judge which floor the fire is on, fire fighters may be ordered to stop __

A

2-4 floors below the fire

351
Q

If a house line is installed, what items may need to be removed before the FD can hook to the standpipe? (3 things)

A

House line, reducer fitting, and pressure-reducing device

352
Q

Which floor is preferred to make the standpipe connection for attack lines?

A

The floor below the fire

353
Q

Excess hose should be __

A

Pulled up the stairway toward the next floor BEFORE it is charged

354
Q

When can initial hook up to a standpipe be on the fire floor?

A

When the fire is confirmed some distance away from their point of entry and off the corridor

355
Q

Sometimes, if conditions are favorable, as is often the case in fire-resistant construction, the best thing is to convince occupants to __

A

Stay in their offices or apartments

356
Q

What do some fire officials call the situation where fire has gained control of a corridor and/or wind is fanning the fire?

A

Blowtorch effect

357
Q

Which devices can be used to for fire attack from an adjoining building?

A

2.5 inch handlines and master stream devices

358
Q

The use of the gravity tank off an uninvolved building is a __ for water supply.

A

Last resort

359
Q

As long as enough pressure is available, each sprinkler head will distribute water over an area of __ square ft or more

A

100 square feet or more

360
Q

What are the 4 basic types of sprinkler systems?

A
  1. Wet-pipe. 2. Dry-pipe. 3. Preaction. 4. Deluge
361
Q

What is the simplest and one of the least expensive types of sprinkler systems? Also the most common.

A

Wet-pipe

362
Q

Where are the air exhausters located with a preaction system?

A

At the dry-pipe valve

363
Q

Preaction systems can be used __

A

Wherever dry pipe systems are used

364
Q

Deluge systems are usually installed in high hazard locations such as __ (4 things)

A

Aircraft hangers, chemical plants, laboratories, and transformers

365
Q

NFPA 13E

A

Recommended practice for fire department operations in properties protected by sprinkler and standpipe systems

366
Q

During an actual fire incident, a fire fighter must be assigned to __

A

The main valve and fire pump to ensure a continued operation of the system

367
Q

Should the pump operator wait for orders to start pumping to an FDC?

A

Yes

368
Q

What is a recommended pressure to pump to an FDC?

A

150 psi, but pre fire planning and guidlines may modify this figure

369
Q

If hoselines are being used in the operation, they should be supplied by __

A

A different water system than the one supplying the sprinklers

370
Q

Pumping into an exposure sprinkler FDC should begin when __.

A

Its sprinkler system is activated

371
Q

What is a common mistake made when automatic sprinklers are in operation?

A

Shutting down the system prematurely

372
Q

If at all possible, property conservation should be started during __

A

Extinguishment

373
Q

If possible, the sprinkler system should be __ before the fire fighters leave the building.

A

Restored to service

374
Q

The __ should take the proper steps to ensure a sprinkler system is operational as soon as possible.

A

Building’s owner

375
Q

Overhaul looks for __ (3 things)

A

Fire, sparks, or embers

376
Q

__ should preinspect the building before fire fighters begin the task of overhaul.

A

Competent personnel

377
Q

Can fire fighters dress down when performing overhaul?

A

No, they should be in full PPE and SCBA

378
Q

What should be monitored in addition to CO during overhaul?

A

Asbestos

379
Q

What is the main purpose of overhaul?

A

To make certain that no trace of fire remains to rekindle after the fire force has left.

380
Q

What is the second purpose of overhaul?

A

To leave the structure in as safe a condition as possible.

381
Q

Is cleaning up a necessary part of overhaul?

A

No, just good PR

382
Q

If conditions warrant, and if it is safe to do so, __ could perform cleanup with the IC’s permission.

A

A building’s maintenance force

383
Q

Is the injury rate during overhaul high or low?

A

High even though it should be performed in an unhurried atmosphere

384
Q

__ is useful in identifying and blocking off areas that are unsafe.

A

Barrier tape

385
Q

CO levels have been shown to be __ during overhaul than during actual firefighting activities.

A

Higher

386
Q

During overhaul, fire fighters should check the area for __

A

Possible clues to the ignition of the fire

387
Q

A fire of __ can greatly alter overhaul operations or delay them until investigators can examine the fire scene.

A

Incendiary origin

388
Q

Fire fighters should be sent to a rehabilitatioin sector to __ (4 things)

A

Rest, treat injuries, replace fluids, and have basic vital signs checked

389
Q

Who might be assigned to overhaul?

A

Firefighters who were assigned to staging, manned unused backup lines, or were on exposure assignments

390
Q

With overhaul, fire fighters should be formed into groups that should be assigned to a __ and to a certain area of the building.

A

Sector officer

391
Q

Ordinarily, __ are assigned tasks involving hand and power tool operation during overhaul.

A

Ladder companies

392
Q

Who is usually sent to the floors above and below the fire to check for fire extension?

A

Ladder company crews

393
Q

Where does overhaul begin?

A

Close to the area where firefighting operations ended

394
Q

__ will be useful when checking concealed spaces.

A

Portable lighting

395
Q

An area where __ are found probably has not seen the effects of heat and smoke.

A

Cobwebs

396
Q

What type of insulation is hard to work with?

A

Blown in insulation

397
Q

Where is it especially important to make a full examination of the area under a floor?

A

Along walls and partitions where shafts or other vertical spaces pass through the floor

398
Q

What are preferred for cutting operations during overhaul?

A

Power tools

399
Q

With vertical shafts, firefighters ordinarily should be assigned to check __

A

The bottom and the top of the shaft for fire and sparks

400
Q

Kitchen cabinets are usually constructed with a __ enclosed space between the floor and the bottom shelf.

A

3-5 inch

401
Q

How is wainscoting handled?

A

Removed until a clean area is found and the area is wet down, as necessary

402
Q

In some instances, water removal must be __

A

Completed first to reduce the weight on the floors so that they are safe to walk on.

403
Q

Flying embers are considered

A

convection

404
Q

What type of heat drives firefighters back from normal approach distances?

A

Radiant heat

405
Q

The “flash” of an entire area is more likely to happen in a

A

Open area

406
Q

Carbon monoxide is

A

colorless, odorless, and poisonous

407
Q

How many divisions does a divided hose bed have?

A

Two

408
Q

Why is there a strong tendency to use smaller hose lines for initial attack?

A

Lack of proper staffing

409
Q

If discharge outlets are not available for a 2.5 inch preconnect hose line, a separate hose compartment can be set up to hold

A

150 to 250 feet of 2.5 inch hose

410
Q

How are solid stream nozzles classified?

A

According to the nozzle diameter

411
Q

Which smoothbore nozzles are considered for handlines?

A

1 and one eighth or 1 and one quarter

412
Q

What produces the so called standard fire department stream?

A

2.5 inch hose with a one and one eighth inch nozzle at 50 psi and it flows 250 gpm

413
Q

Which is perhaps the most desireable hose lay?

A

Forward using a charged line

414
Q

Which water supply technique is effective when drafting is necessary?

A

Direct to the fire approach

415
Q

Who ensures that the apparatus is in a safe place and if possible that other apparatus will have access?

A

Company officer

416
Q

What are coverage assignments usually based on?

A

Proximity of companies to the fireground

417
Q

Positioning for narrow detached building or single family detached dwelling?

A

Drive past the building to get a view of 3 sides

418
Q

Buildings can present problems because of

A

Size, construction, location, or use

419
Q

What is vital in mercantile areas?

A

Rear coverage

420
Q

When positioning at high rises

A

consider width and length of the building along with locations of standpipes rather than height

421
Q

Proper placement of hoselines and rapid ventilation may be considered

A

rescue operations

422
Q

Preperation for rescue begins

A

before the alarm is received

423
Q

What factors are important in asceraining what rescue operations are needed?

A

Occupancy, size, population, age, and extent of the fire

424
Q

What will determine where firefighters begin search and rescue and fire attack operations

A

Initial size up

425
Q

What is the average size water tank?

A

500 gallons

426
Q

When searching upper floors, doors and windows of rooms other than the fire room should be

A

Opened to provide ventilation, providing that this will not spread the fire

427
Q

It is the job of the engine company to

A

Contain and extinguish the fire and open passageways

428
Q

Even with hospitals, if there is doubt that the fire will be controlled there should be

A

Complete evacuation

429
Q

Being able to perform proper ventilation will depend on

A

The number of firefighters available

430
Q

When an attempt to reach the floor over the fire is untenable

A

Ventilation from the outside is mandatory

431
Q

Rooms that the fire has entered should

A

also be searched if possible, then the door should be shut to isolate the fire

432
Q

How many attack lines are charged and flowing to read the residual pressure?

A

One

433
Q

What is a must when drafting is the only way to ensure a water supply?

A

Preincident planning

434
Q

What does the number of mobile water supply apparatus depend on?

A

Distance, fire size, fill and dump times, traffic and road conditions

435
Q

Operation of the pumper is limited by

A

Engine speed and residual pressure

436
Q

An attack line is designed to

A

combat fires beyond the incipient stage

437
Q

The second method of relay pumping works better for houses that are

A

Set back from the street

438
Q

An indirect attack uses what types of streams?

A

Solid, straight, or narrow fog

439
Q

Is an 1.5 inch nozzle usually equipped with a spray or solid nozzle?

A

spray

440
Q

Using a wider fog pattern will (4 things)

A

Give firefighters more protection, decrease reach, diminish firefighting effectiveness, and push fire through a building

441
Q

Do this after the main body of the fire is knocked down

A

Let the fire “blow”

442
Q

How much more water and a inch and three quarter hose flow over an inch and a half

A

Double

443
Q

In a smoldering building does smoke rise rapidly or slowly?

A

rapidly because the smoke is hot

444
Q

Rit crews are in addition to

A

backup lines

445
Q

What is the worst combination of factors for exposure protection?

A

Recent dry weather and high winds

446
Q

Exposure lines must be placed where they will cover

A

the max amount of exposed area

447
Q

What hose is desireable for interior exposure coverage?

A

Inch and three quarter

448
Q

How high should you make an opening to control vertical spread of fire?

A

About waist high

449
Q

Where are basement fires usually vented?

A

The burned side (proper direction)

450
Q

What should be kept outside of the collapse zone?

A

Personnel and equipment

451
Q

Master streams can be used for

A

fire attack, exposure protection, and backup lines

452
Q

In a window, a master stream should be moved

A

horizontally and vertically

453
Q

Automatic dry standpipes are pressurized with air

A

Semiautomatic dry pipe may or may not be pressurized with air

454
Q

Is the water supply of a semiauto dry pipe enough to handle water demand for fire fighting?

A

Yes

455
Q

Where are gravity tanks mounted when supplying one and two story buildings

A

on the ground

456
Q

How many supply lines should be connected to intake FDCs?

A

At least 2

457
Q

Items in an equipment pool

A

Lights, hoses, nozzles, forcible entry tools, fans, pike poles, and SCBA cylinders

458
Q

What normally keeps a deluge valve closed?

A

Compressed air

459
Q

Manual operations of special fire protection systems are normally assigned to

A

building personnel

460
Q

What three things to reduce injury during overhaul?

A

Preinspection, fresh crews, accountibility

461
Q

What is the primary purpose of overhaul?

A

To make sure the fire is extinguished completely

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