PD - Cardiovascular

Question 1

Dependent edema

Answer 1

abnormal accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces of body; generally legs

Question 2

external jugular vein

Answer 2

begins near the angle of the mandible, inferior to the lobe of the auricle, crossing the sternocleidomastoid muscle

if venous pressure is raised, vein becomes prominent

distension –> heart failure, obstruction of the superior vena cava, enlarged supraclavicular nodes, or increased intrathoracic pressure

Question 3

internal jugular vein, examined for 2 components

Answer 3

1. jugular venous pulsations

2. jugular venous pressure

Question 4

a wave

Answer 4

Increase in right atrial pressure produced by right atrial contraction

Question 5

x descent

Answer 5

Decrease in right atrial pressure caused by atrial relaxation

Question 6

v wave

Answer 6

Increase in right atrial pressure due to its filling with blood from the IVC during ventricular systole (tricuspid valve is closed)- coincides with carotid pulse

Question 7

y descent

Answer 7

Decrease in right atrial pressure due to opening of the tricuspid valve at end of ventricular systole