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Emma III > Flexor and extensor forearm > Flashcards

Flexor and extensor forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Erb’s palsy

A

Upper brachial plexus injury
C5, 6
Upper limb is adducted, medially rotated, lies at side with forearm extended

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2
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A

Lower brachial plexus injury
C8, T1

Affects muscles and sensation on medial side and forearm and in hand

medial cutaneous n. of arm, forearm
ulnar n.

Could be from putting upward traction on lower n. roots

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3
Q

Anterior compartment of arm

A 
forearm flexion (b, b)
arm flexion (c)

musculocutaneous n.

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4
Q

Posterior compartment of arm

A

extends forearm at elbow

radial n.

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5
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm

A

flex hand at wrist, flex digits, pronate forearm

median n., some ulnar n.

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6
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm

A

extend hand at wrist, extend digits, supinates forearm

radial n.

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7
Q

Carrying angle

A

between humerus and ulna
normally 10-15 degrees

allows your forearms to clear the hips when swinging arms

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8
Q

Thickenings of the ante brachial fascia

A

flexor and extensor retinaculae on the anterior and dorsal of the wrist

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9
Q

Distal bony features of humerus

A

medial/lateral epicondyle
condyle
capitulum (round head)
trochlea (pulley)

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10
Q

Bony features of radius

A

radial head
radial tuberosity
Dorsal (Lister’s) tubercle

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11
Q

Bony features of ulna

A 
coronoid process 
trochlear notch
radial notch
ulnar head
ulnar tuberosity 
olecranon
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12
Q

lateral ligaments of elbow

A

radial collateral ligament

annular ligament of radius

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13
Q

annular ligament of radius

A

encircles head of radius

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14
Q

medial ligaments of elbow

A

ulnar collateral ligament

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15
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow

A
  • head of radius pops out (subluxation)
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16
Q

Dislocated elbow joint

A

ulna can be dislocated from humerus

could be from falling forward on outstretched hand

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17
Q

Olecranon bursae

A

subtendinous olecranon bursa (under triceps tendon)

subcutaneous olecranon bursa (between triceps and olecranon)

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18
Q

Olecranon bursitis

A

could be via elbow injury, repeated leaning on hard surface, infection

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19
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Extension fracture of the radius
Trying to brace fwd fall
DINNER FORK deformity

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20
Q

Smith’s fracture

A

flexion fracture of radius

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21
Q

Nightstick fracture

A

middle third ulna

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22
Q

8 carpal bones (proximal row vs. distal row)

A 
triquitrium
pisiform
lunate
scaphoid
trapezium
^proximal row

hamate
capitate
trapezoid
^distal row

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23
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

median n.

flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus

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24
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

difficult to heal bc not very vascular (esp proximal pt of scaphoid)

displaced fracture –> surgery often recommended w/ screw or pins inserted to stabilize fracture

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25
cubital fossa
brachial a divides into radial a and ulnar a median n. crosses down into forearm, divides into a deep branch (anterior interosseous n.)
26
Ulnar a. path in forearm
ulnar a. --> common interosseous a. which divides into anterior and posterior interosseous artery (supply ant/post)
27
radial and ulnar a. --> join in ____, form ...
join in hand, form superficial and deep palmar arches
28
superficial veins of arm/forearm/hand
cephalic v. median cubital v. basilic v. begin at dorsal venous plexus deeper veins accompany the arteries (w/ same names) --> "venae commitantes"
29
anterior forearm
flexion, adduction, abduction of hand at wrist joint flexion of digits, incl. thumb protonation median n. and ulnar n.
30
posterior forearm
extension, adduction, abduction of hand at wrist joint extension of digits, including thumb supination radial n.
31
Exception that applies to brachoradialis m.
Exception to rule that radial n. supplies muscles that extend (brachioradialis --> FLEXES forearm, but supply by radial n.)
32
flexor palmaris longus tendon is continuous with...
palmar aponeurosis
33
Dual innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
lateral half (digits 2&3) --> anterior interosseous n. medial half (digits 4&5) --> ulnar n.
34
Ulnar n. supplies 1.5 forearm muscles... which ones
flexor carpi ulnaris | and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
35
Carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of MEDIAN n. as it passes thru carpal tunnel inflame of FLEXOR TENDONS of digits due to repetitive motions, may exacerbate previous condition numbness, tingling on palmar surface of thumb, index, middle and lateral half of ring fingers weakness in opposing, flexing, abducting thumb, and flexing index, ring fingers @ MP joints (compression of recurrent branch of median n.
36
Carpal tunnel tx syndrome
Phalen's maneuver: hold wrist in complete and forced flexion 30-60 sec. - lumbricals can be dragged into the carpal tunnel w/ flexor digitorum profundus contraction ( causes increased pressure in carpal tunnel Tinel's sign: performed by lightly tapping (percussing) over nerve to elicit sensation of tingling or "pins and needles" in distribution of median n.
37
How to locate median n. location
Just lateral to flexor palmaris longus
38
How to locate radial a.
Just lateral to flexor carpi radialis
39
Ulnar n. Cutaneous innervation
medial palmar/dorsal side of hand | little finger and half of ring finger
40
Ulnar n. passes behind ...
medial epicondyle does NOT go thru carpal tunnel
41
cubital tunnel syndrome
compression of ulnar n. as it passes between medial epicondyle and olecranon numbness/tingling along 5th digit, medial side of 4th digit and hand weakness in flexing DIPs of 5th and 4th digits and intrinsic m. of hand "CELL PHONE ELBOW"
42
wasting of muscles in thenar eminence of both hands may indicated
untreated bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome
43
sensory area of radial n.
posterior arm and forearm | dorsolateral portion of hand
44
Within the cubital fossa, the radial n. divides into ...
deep branch of radial n. (supinator m. and other extensor m.) superficial branch of radial n. (sensory to dorsolateral hand)
45
Radial n. injury in axilla
affects triceps and extensor m. of wrist/fingers --> WRIST DROP loss of sensation in ... posterior arm and forearm dorsolateral portion of hand
46
Midshaft fracture of humerus may lead to ...
wrist drop | spares ability to extend forearm bc triceps already innervated by branches that come off more proximally
47
Saturday night palsy
compression of radial n. in axilla/upper arm in pt sleeping w/ arm over back of chair, or by crutch
48
Later epicondylitis
tennis elbow via sx stretching of common extensor tendon (when wrist/digits are extended) Primary pathology: tendonitis of EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS OR an obj is repeatedly gripped (power grip via FCRB, FCRL, FCU)
49
the posterior interosseous n. is a continuation of ___ after passing the ...
the deep radial n., after passing supinator
50
posterior interosseous n. supplies deep m. to ____ and ____
thumb and index finger
51
Extensor pollicus longus pivots on...
dorsal (Lister's) tubercle
52
Borders of the anatomical snuff box
Lateral --> tendon of extensor pollicis brevis and aBductor pollicis longus Medial --> tendon of extensor pollicis longus
53
Path of radial a. to hand
radial a. passes through anterior forearm to floor of snuff box, winds around back of thumb and comes anterior to palm of hand --> makes anastomosis with ulnar a. --> deep and superficial palmar branches
54
Of all the muscles in posterior forearm, which two are supplied by the radial n. itself before it divides?
brachoradialis | extensor carpi radialis longus
55
damage to axillary n. would cause loss of sensation to...
skin of posterior/anterior arm around inferior deltoid region
56
Which m. are originating from common flexor tendon?
flexor carpi radialis flexor palmaris longus flexor carpi radialis flexor digtorum superficialis
57
Which m. are originating from common extensor tendon?
``` extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris ```
58
ulnar n. injury
inability to flex 4th, 5th digits at DIP joints, due to paralysis of medial half of FDP as well as at MP joints due to paralysis of lumbricals ulnar n. can be compressed as it passes between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris CLAW HAND --> permanent extension of 4th and 5th digits
59
signs of injury to deep branch of radial n.
weakness in supination loss of ability to extend wrist loss of ability to extend metacarpophangeal joints of all digits
60
If ____ damaged in axilla, triceps and all extensor muscles of wrist, fingers affected
radial nerve

Emma III (28 decks)

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