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Emma III > Flexor and extensor forearm > Flashcards

Flexor and extensor forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Erb’s palsy

A

Upper brachial plexus injury
C5, 6
Upper limb is adducted, medially rotated, lies at side with forearm extended

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2
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A

Lower brachial plexus injury
C8, T1

Affects muscles and sensation on medial side and forearm and in hand

medial cutaneous n. of arm, forearm
ulnar n.

Could be from putting upward traction on lower n. roots

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3
Q

Anterior compartment of arm

A 
forearm flexion (b, b)
arm flexion (c)

musculocutaneous n.

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4
Q

Posterior compartment of arm

A

extends forearm at elbow

radial n.

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5
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm

A

flex hand at wrist, flex digits, pronate forearm

median n., some ulnar n.

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6
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm

A

extend hand at wrist, extend digits, supinates forearm

radial n.

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7
Q

Carrying angle

A

between humerus and ulna
normally 10-15 degrees

allows your forearms to clear the hips when swinging arms

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8
Q

Thickenings of the ante brachial fascia

A

flexor and extensor retinaculae on the anterior and dorsal of the wrist

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9
Q

Distal bony features of humerus

A

medial/lateral epicondyle
condyle
capitulum (round head)
trochlea (pulley)

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10
Q

Bony features of radius

A

radial head
radial tuberosity
Dorsal (Lister’s) tubercle

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11
Q

Bony features of ulna

A 
coronoid process 
trochlear notch
radial notch
ulnar head
ulnar tuberosity 
olecranon
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12
Q

lateral ligaments of elbow

A

radial collateral ligament

annular ligament of radius

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13
Q

annular ligament of radius

A

encircles head of radius

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14
Q

medial ligaments of elbow

A

ulnar collateral ligament

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15
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow

A
  • head of radius pops out (subluxation)
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16
Q

Dislocated elbow joint

A

ulna can be dislocated from humerus

could be from falling forward on outstretched hand

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17
Q

Olecranon bursae

A

subtendinous olecranon bursa (under triceps tendon)

subcutaneous olecranon bursa (between triceps and olecranon)

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18
Q

Olecranon bursitis

A

could be via elbow injury, repeated leaning on hard surface, infection

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19
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Extension fracture of the radius
Trying to brace fwd fall
DINNER FORK deformity

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20
Q

Smith’s fracture

A

flexion fracture of radius

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21
Q

Nightstick fracture

A

middle third ulna

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22
Q

8 carpal bones (proximal row vs. distal row)

A 
triquitrium
pisiform
lunate
scaphoid
trapezium
^proximal row

hamate
capitate
trapezoid
^distal row

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23
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

median n.

flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus

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24
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

difficult to heal bc not very vascular (esp proximal pt of scaphoid)

displaced fracture –> surgery often recommended w/ screw or pins inserted to stabilize fracture

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25
Q

cubital fossa

A

brachial a divides into radial a and ulnar a

median n. crosses down into forearm, divides into a deep branch (anterior interosseous n.)

26
Q

Ulnar a. path in forearm

A

ulnar a. –> common interosseous a. which divides into anterior and posterior interosseous artery (supply ant/post)

27
Q

radial and ulnar a. –> join in ____, form …

A

join in hand, form superficial and deep palmar arches

28
Q

superficial veins of arm/forearm/hand

A

cephalic v.
median cubital v.
basilic v.

begin at dorsal venous plexus

deeper veins accompany the arteries (w/ same names) –> “venae commitantes”

29
Q

anterior forearm

A

flexion, adduction, abduction of hand at wrist joint

flexion of digits, incl. thumb

protonation

median n. and ulnar n.

30
Q

posterior forearm

A

extension, adduction, abduction of hand at wrist joint

extension of digits, including thumb

supination

radial n.

31
Q

Exception that applies to brachoradialis m.

A

Exception to rule that radial n. supplies muscles that extend
(brachioradialis –> FLEXES forearm, but supply by radial n.)

32
Q

flexor palmaris longus tendon is continuous with…

A

palmar aponeurosis

33
Q

Dual innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

lateral half (digits 2&3) –> anterior interosseous n.

medial half (digits 4&5) –> ulnar n.

34
Q

Ulnar n. supplies 1.5 forearm muscles… which ones

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

35
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of MEDIAN n. as it passes thru carpal tunnel

inflame of FLEXOR TENDONS of digits due to repetitive motions, may exacerbate previous condition

numbness, tingling on palmar surface of thumb, index, middle and lateral half of ring fingers

weakness in opposing, flexing, abducting thumb, and flexing index, ring fingers @ MP joints
(compression of recurrent branch of median n.

36
Q

Carpal tunnel tx syndrome

A

Phalen’s maneuver: hold wrist in complete and forced flexion 30-60 sec.
- lumbricals can be dragged into the carpal tunnel w/ flexor digitorum profundus contraction ( causes increased pressure in carpal tunnel

Tinel’s sign: performed by lightly tapping (percussing) over nerve to elicit sensation of tingling or “pins and needles” in distribution of median n.

37
Q

How to locate median n. location

A

Just lateral to flexor palmaris longus

38
Q

How to locate radial a.

A

Just lateral to flexor carpi radialis

39
Q

Ulnar n. Cutaneous innervation

A

medial palmar/dorsal side of hand

little finger and half of ring finger

40
Q

Ulnar n. passes behind …

A

medial epicondyle

does NOT go thru carpal tunnel

41
Q

cubital tunnel syndrome

A

compression of ulnar n. as it passes between medial epicondyle and olecranon

numbness/tingling along 5th digit, medial side of 4th digit and hand

weakness in flexing DIPs of 5th and 4th digits and intrinsic m. of hand

“CELL PHONE ELBOW”

42
Q

wasting of muscles in thenar eminence of both hands may indicated

A

untreated bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome

43
Q

sensory area of radial n.

A

posterior arm and forearm

dorsolateral portion of hand

44
Q

Within the cubital fossa, the radial n. divides into …

A

deep branch of radial n. (supinator m. and other extensor m.)

superficial branch of radial n. (sensory to dorsolateral hand)

45
Q

Radial n. injury in axilla

A

affects triceps and extensor m. of wrist/fingers
–> WRIST DROP

loss of sensation in …
posterior arm and forearm
dorsolateral portion of hand

46
Q

Midshaft fracture of humerus may lead to …

A

wrist drop

spares ability to extend forearm bc triceps already innervated by branches that come off more proximally

47
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

compression of radial n. in axilla/upper arm in pt sleeping w/ arm over back of chair, or by crutch

48
Q

Later epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow
via sx stretching of common extensor tendon
(when wrist/digits are extended)
Primary pathology: tendonitis of EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS

OR an obj is repeatedly gripped (power grip via FCRB, FCRL, FCU)

49
Q

the posterior interosseous n. is a continuation of ___ after passing the …

A

the deep radial n., after passing supinator

50
Q

posterior interosseous n. supplies deep m. to ____ and ____

A

thumb and index finger

51
Q

Extensor pollicus longus pivots on…

A

dorsal (Lister’s) tubercle

52
Q

Borders of the anatomical snuff box

A

Lateral –> tendon of extensor pollicis brevis and aBductor pollicis longus

Medial –> tendon of extensor pollicis longus

53
Q

Path of radial a. to hand

A

radial a. passes through anterior forearm to floor of snuff box, winds around back of thumb and comes anterior to palm of hand –> makes anastomosis with ulnar a. –> deep and superficial palmar branches

54
Q

Of all the muscles in posterior forearm, which two are supplied by the radial n. itself before it divides?

A

brachoradialis

extensor carpi radialis longus

55
Q

damage to axillary n. would cause loss of sensation to…

A

skin of posterior/anterior arm around inferior deltoid region

56
Q

Which m. are originating from common flexor tendon?

A

flexor carpi radialis
flexor palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
flexor digtorum superficialis

57
Q

Which m. are originating from common extensor tendon?

A 
extensor carpi radialis longus 
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi 
extensor carpi ulnaris
58
Q

ulnar n. injury

A

inability to flex 4th, 5th digits at DIP joints, due to paralysis of medial half of FDP as well as at MP joints due to paralysis of lumbricals

ulnar n. can be compressed as it passes between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

CLAW HAND –> permanent extension of 4th and 5th digits

59
Q

signs of injury to deep branch of radial n.

A

weakness in supination
loss of ability to extend wrist
loss of ability to extend metacarpophangeal joints of all digits

60
Q

If ____ damaged in axilla, triceps and all extensor muscles of wrist, fingers affected

A

radial nerve

Emma III (28 decks)

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