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Emma III > Adult heart > Flashcards

Adult heart Flashcards

1
Q

transverse thoracic plane

A

(through sternal angle)

T4-T5 interspace

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2
Q

superior mediastinum

A

roots of great vessels, aortic arch, ligamentum arateriosum, thoracic duct

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3
Q

anterior mediastinum

A

thymus, retrosternal fat, nerves

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4
Q

posterior mediastinum

A

descending aorta, esophagus, vagus n. etc

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5
Q

T8-T9 interspace

A

between heart and diaphragm

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6
Q

cardiothoracic (CT) ratio

A

~0.5

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7
Q

phrenic n. is located between

A

parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium

travels with pericardiacophrenic vessles

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8
Q

phrenic n.

A

C3, 4, 5

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9
Q

vagus n. runs ____ to root of lung

phrenic n. runs ___ to root of lung

A

vagus n. runs posterior to root of lung

phrenic n. runs anterior to root of lung

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10
Q

pericardial hematoma

A

poss because myocardium ruptures through an old infarction

presents w/ muffled heart sounds, jugular venous dissension, low arterial pressure

CXR –> water bottle silhouette, highly suggestive of pericardial effusion

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11
Q

water bottle silohuette on CXR

A

highly suggestive of pericardial effusion

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12
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

acute pericardial effusion

becks triad

  • muffled heart sounds due to blood insulation, weakened beat
  • jugular distension due to reduced venous return
  • low arterial pressure due to reduced SV/CO

pathognomonic sx –> so char that they’re essentially diagnostic

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13
Q

transverse pericardial sinus

A

permits expansion of great vessels during systole

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14
Q

oblique sinus

A

permits expansion of LA during exhalation

^should be attached at 8 spots
SVC
IVC
PVs
PAs
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15
Q

right behind sternum

A

right ventricle

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16
Q

function of coronary sulcus

A

reduce friction against pericardial sac

facilitate coronary artery perfusion by minimizing compression of the arteries

17
Q

Reperfusion strategies during CAF

A
  1. coronary artery collateralization (new capillary growth)
  2. reverse blood flow in thebesian veins
  3. endogenous bypass via vasa vasorum
18
Q

most commonly occluded CA

A

LAD

then RCA, then circumflex branch

19
Q

used for grafts

A

great saphenous vein (need to reverse directions bc valves)
internal thoracic a.
radial a. (greater longevity than a vein)

20
Q

coronary sinus

A

collects drainage from great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein and small cardiac vein

exception to rule that all venous is “cardiac” while arterial is “coronary”

21
Q

region between “smooth and rough” parts of inner heart

A

crista terminalis

smooth –> sinus venarum
rough –> pectinate muscles

22
Q

fossa ovalis

A

vestige of former foramen ovale (shunt from RA to LA, lets fetal blood bypass non-ventilated lungs)

23
Q

pectinate m. are in _____, while trabeculae carnae are in ______

A

pectinate m. –> in atria

trabeculae carnae –> in ventricles (facilitate contraction and provide blood turbulence)

24
Q

_______ muscles contract before the ventricular myocardium. How is this initiated?

A

papillary

moderator band shortcut
SA node impulse travels through moderator band to papillary m. first
–> puts tension on chordae tendineae so they won’t snap

25
Q

which pump allows for coronary a. perfusion

A

the elastic recoil of the distended aorta

closes valves, R/L aortic sinuses catch the backflow

26
Q

w/ blocked coronary a., what is particularly susceptible to damage?

A

purkinje fibers

27
Q

conus arteriosus (infundibulum)

A

the smooth superior outflow portion of the adult right ventricle

28
Q

moderator band

A

AKA septomarginal trabeculae

in RV

29
Q

Rows of muscles that line atrial lumen

A

pectinate muscles

30
Q

coronary a. perfusion occurs mostly during

A

diastole when myocardium is relaxed

31
Q

sympathetic innervation of heart

A

T1-T4

32
Q

parasympathetic innervation of heart

A

CN X - vagus

Emma III (28 decks)

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