Adult heart Flashcards
transverse thoracic plane
(through sternal angle)
T4-T5 interspace
superior mediastinum
roots of great vessels, aortic arch, ligamentum arateriosum, thoracic duct
anterior mediastinum
thymus, retrosternal fat, nerves
posterior mediastinum
descending aorta, esophagus, vagus n. etc
T8-T9 interspace
between heart and diaphragm
cardiothoracic (CT) ratio
~0.5
phrenic n. is located between
parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium
travels with pericardiacophrenic vessles
phrenic n.
C3, 4, 5
vagus n. runs ____ to root of lung
phrenic n. runs ___ to root of lung
vagus n. runs posterior to root of lung
phrenic n. runs anterior to root of lung
pericardial hematoma
poss because myocardium ruptures through an old infarction
presents w/ muffled heart sounds, jugular venous dissension, low arterial pressure
CXR –> water bottle silhouette, highly suggestive of pericardial effusion
water bottle silohuette on CXR
highly suggestive of pericardial effusion
cardiac tamponade
acute pericardial effusion
becks triad
- muffled heart sounds due to blood insulation, weakened beat
- jugular distension due to reduced venous return
- low arterial pressure due to reduced SV/CO
pathognomonic sx –> so char that they’re essentially diagnostic
transverse pericardial sinus
permits expansion of great vessels during systole
oblique sinus
permits expansion of LA during exhalation
^should be attached at 8 spots SVC IVC PVs PAs
right behind sternum
right ventricle
function of coronary sulcus
reduce friction against pericardial sac
facilitate coronary artery perfusion by minimizing compression of the arteries
Reperfusion strategies during CAF
- coronary artery collateralization (new capillary growth)
- reverse blood flow in thebesian veins
- endogenous bypass via vasa vasorum
most commonly occluded CA
LAD
then RCA, then circumflex branch
used for grafts
great saphenous vein (need to reverse directions bc valves)
internal thoracic a.
radial a. (greater longevity than a vein)
coronary sinus
collects drainage from great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein and small cardiac vein
exception to rule that all venous is “cardiac” while arterial is “coronary”
region between “smooth and rough” parts of inner heart
crista terminalis
smooth –> sinus venarum
rough –> pectinate muscles
fossa ovalis
vestige of former foramen ovale (shunt from RA to LA, lets fetal blood bypass non-ventilated lungs)
pectinate m. are in _____, while trabeculae carnae are in ______
pectinate m. –> in atria
trabeculae carnae –> in ventricles (facilitate contraction and provide blood turbulence)
_______ muscles contract before the ventricular myocardium. How is this initiated?
papillary
moderator band shortcut
SA node impulse travels through moderator band to papillary m. first
–> puts tension on chordae tendineae so they won’t snap
