Cardiovascular PD Flashcards
aortic stenosis
harsh systolic crescendo-decrescendo aortic area (R 2nd intercostal) radiates to carotid area
aortic regurgitation
blowing diastolic decrescendo Erb's point heard best leaning forward
mitral regurgitation
harsh systolic holosystolic (plateau) heard at apex (mitral) radiates to left axilla
mitral stenosis
loud S1 w opening snap rumbling mid diastolic heard best on expiration at apex L lateral decubitus
pericardial friction rub
High frequency scratching noise.
Mainly in L precordial area.
Exacerbated by inspiration, leaning forward, left lateral decubitus position.
Inflammation of pericardium causes friction in walls which generates noise
pulse amplitude scale
0: no palpable pulse
1+: diminished (weak, thready)
2+: normal, brisk, expected
3+: bounding, hyperdynamic
dicrotic notch forms from
aortic valve closing
a wave
increase in R atrial pressure produced by R atrial contraction
less robust (unless pathologic)
c wave
start of systole.
Tricuspid closes and bulges into atrium.
x descent
decrease in R atrial pressure.
Caused by R atrial relaxation
v wave
Increase in R atrial pressure.
Due to filling with blood from IVC during ventricular systole (tricuspid closed)
y descent
Decrease in R atrial pressure due to opening of tricuspid valve at end of ventricular systole
diaphragm
High Pitched.
S1, S2, some murmurs, friction rubs.
bell
Low Pitch.
SD3, S4, some murmurs
S1 sound
start of ventricular contraction.
Closure of AV valves (T, M)