PCR and 16S Gene Flashcards
What is the primary structure of DNA?
backbone and nitrogen-containing bases
What is the backbone made of?
sugar and phosphate groups of deoxyribonucleotides (bases)
Where do nitrogen-containing bases project from?
from back of backbone
Does DNA have directionality?
yes
What are the 2 ends of DNA named?
3’ and 5’
What are the characteristics of the 3’ end?
has exposed group on 3’ carbon deoxyribose
What are the characteristics of the 5’ end?
5’ carbon phosphate group
What does DNA synthesis occur after?
creation of a phosphodiester bond
What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA for sequencing and genetic analysis
What are the 3 steps of PCR?
Denaturation
annealing
elongation
What temperature is denaturation?
95 degrees celsius
What temperature is annealing?
68 degrees celsius
What temperature is elongation?
72 degrees celsius
Where do ribosomes coordinate protein synthesis?
from an RNA template
What are the 2 ribosome subunits?
prokaryotes and eukaryotes