DNA synthesis in a cell

Question 1

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 1

cells reproduce and have a basis for inheritance

Question 2

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 2

series of stages that cells pass through

Question 3

What are the 2 main stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 3

Interphase and division (mitotic/meiotic) phase

Question 4

What is interphase?

Answer 4

non-dividing phase
grows large enough so can divide

Question 5

What is division (mitotic/meiotic) phase?

Answer 5

dividing phase

Question 6

What is interphase BEFORE synthesis?

Answer 6

cell goes through G1 (gap phase)
cell grows; makes proteins and membranes

Question 7

What is the synthesis phase?

Answer 7

synthesis of DNA (making copies)
DNA replication occurs so each daughter cell has a copy of the genetic code

Question 8

What is DNA replication?

Answer 8

DNA strand “opened” (break H bond between strands)
Enzymes (DNA polymerase and others) build new DNA strand

Question 9

What does original DNA strand act as?

Answer 9

code for new strand

Question 10

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 10

adds complimentary bases to build new strand and catalyzes bonds between nucleotides

Question 11

How does replication move along strand?

Answer 11

—>

Question 12

What does it mean when a replication is semiconservative?

Answer 12

new helix has 1 old and 1 new strand

Question 13

How accurate is replication?

Answer 13

very (1 mistake per billion bases)

Question 14

Is DNA polymerase selective in pairing bases?

Answer 14

yes, it proofreads

Question 15

How does DNA polymerase get rid of mistakes?

Answer 15

replaces and repairs mistakes as it adds, and it proofreads