PCM Final Exam Flashcards
During which phases of gait does the quadriceps most act? (menti question)
A) Midstance
B) Heel off/Terminal Stance
C) Foot flat/Loading Response
D) Toe off/Pre-swing
C) Foot flat/Loading Response
Describe this weight bearing precaution, NWB.
Non weight bearing, patient should not contact affected limb with ground.
Describe this weight bearing precaution, TTWB/TDWB.
Toe touch or touchdown weight bearing, “Dont crush the eggshell”
Describe this weight bearing precaution, PWB.
Partial weight bearing, Will be identified with a percentage (10%, 20%, 50%…)
Describe this weight bearing precaution, WBAT.
Weight bearing as tolerated, patient can increase pressure as it comfortable.
Describe this weight bearing precaution, FWB.
Full weight bearing, no restriction
Which of the following assistive devices would be best used for an individual who has moderately impaired balance and is PWB 25%?
(Menti)
A) Rolling walker
B) Quad Cane
C) Single point cane
D) 1-axillary crutch
A) Rolling walker
Which of the following is true when confirming the fit of the quad cane?
A) Cane in tripod stance, hand grip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°.
B) Cane at aligned with femur, handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°.
C) Cane in tripod stance, handgrip at greater trochanter, elbow at 20-25°.
D) Cane 4 inches anterior to foot, handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°.
B) Cane aligned with femur, handgrip at ulnar styloid process, elbow at 20-25°.
Before you attempt to lift, pull, reach for, or carry an object, what are the required proper mechanics?
-Position yourself so that your COG and object’s COG are as close as possible.
-Increase your BOS.
What are common causes of back problems or discomfort?
-Faulty posture
-Stressful living and work habits
-Improper use of body mechanics
-Repetitive and sustained trauma
-Poor flexibility
What is a deep squat?
A deep squat is performed to positioned the hips BELOW the level of the knees.
What is a power squat?
In a power squat, only a HALF squat is performed so that the hips remain ABOVE the level of the knees.
What is One-leg Stance lift?
(Golfer’s Lift)
-Used for light object that can be lifted easily with one upper extremity.
-To pick up the object, the weight bearing lower extremity is partially flexed at the hip and knee, while the non-weight bearing lower extremity is extended to counter balance the forward movement of the trunk.
(Similar to the way a golfer picks up a ball from the tee)
What is Half-Kneeling lift?
The lifter aligns the body by kneeling on one knee positioned behind and on one side of the object and the opposite lower extremity to one side of the object with the flat foot and the hip and knee flexed approximately 90°. (When the object is grasped and lifted by the UE, place object on thigh and stand)
What is Traditional Lift?
This position requires a low COG and a wide BOS for the lifter. When the lifter grasps the object, it should be kept close to the body. The LE elevate the hips and pelvis to an upright position.
(A deep squat for lighter objects)
What is Stoop lift?
(Briefcase lift)
The object is below level of the waist, but can be reached without squatting and lifted with 1 UE
Describe the guideline for pushing and pulling activities.
-Face object squarely
-Use your arms and legs to push or pull; push with arms partially flexed
-Push/Pull in a straight line (Parallel to floor)
-Make sure there are no objects in path
Describe the guideline for reaching activities
-Stand on a footstool or ladder to reach or place an object above your head.
-Move the object close to you or move close to the object before grasping, lowering, or raising .
- Hold the object close to your body as you step down from or onto a footstool
-Do not simultaneously reach and twist your body
Describe the guidelines for carrying activities.
-When carrying an object, hold it close to your body; the best positions are in front of your body at the level of your waist or on back.
-If carrying an object in one hand, alternate carrying it in one hand and then the other; dont twist back
-Balance load
-Bulky or heavy objects can be carried on shoulder.
-Dont carry or balance children on one hip
-When a backpack is used, apply both straps
What are the principles for Proper posture?
(6 Points)
-Maintain normal anterior and posterior curves of the spine for balance and alignment.
-Stand and sit with your body erect so that shoulders and pelvis are level; avoid slouching or round back
-Stand with ankles, knees, hips, and shoulders aligned. Keep your head over the body
-Stand with your abdominal wall flat ], your head in neutral, shoulders level, chin parallel to floor and slightly tucked, body weight even placed on legs
-Avoid standing or sitting in one position for a prolonged time; occasionally alter your position
-When supine or partially lying on your side, flex your hips and knees. Use a pillow under or between the knees for support. Avoid lying prone
What are the characteristics of a Standard Adult wheelchair?
Designed for people under 200lbs and for limited use on rough surfaces; not designed for vigorous functional activities
What are the characteristics of a Heavy-duty adult wheelchair?
Constructed for people over 200lbs or for patients who perform vigorous functional activities
What are the characteristics of a Ultralight wheelchair?
Designed to be lightweight, may have a rigid or folding frame, can be made with titanium in a rigid or folding frame; weighs 12-30lbs.
-Good for propulsion and reduction in cumulative trauma in the UE.
-Weight capacity to 300lbs
What are the characteristics of intermediate or junior wheelchair?
Designed for people with a body build smaller than that of an adult but larger than that of a child
What are the characteristics of an indoor wheelchair?
Constructed for use indoors, with the larger drive wheels placed at the front of the chair and the caster wheels at the rear; it functions better in confined areas but is more difficult to propel and makes it more difficult for the user to perform many functional activities.
What are the characteristic of growing wheelchair?
Designed to permit adjustments in the frame to accommodate the growth of the user.
What are the characteristics of child or youth wheelchair?
Designed for children up to approximately 6 years old
What are the characteristics of a Hemiplegic wheelchair?
The seat is lowered approximately 2 inches to allow better use of the user’s LE to propel the chair; however, the lower seat may make it more difficult for the user to perform a standing transfer
What are the characteristics of a Amputee wheelchair?
The rear wheel axles are positioned approximately 2 inches posterior to their normal position to widen the BOS of the chair and compensate for the loss of the weight of the user’s LE.
What are the characteristics of a One-handed drive Wheelchair?
Two hand rims are fabricated on one drive wheel, and the two drive wheels are connected by a linkage bar; the smaller hand rim propels the near drive wheel, the large hand rim propels the far drive wheel, and both rims are moved simultaneously, both wheels are propelled.
What are the characteristics of a Externally powered wheelchair?
The chair is propelled by a deep-cycle battery system, and various types of controls are used to operate the chair. (Joystick, chin-piece, or mouthstick)
What are the characteristics of a Sport wheelchair?
A low-profiled, fix frame, lightweight chair with features such as a low back, canted rear wheels, fixed or adjustable axles, fixed or adjustable seat and backrest; can be bought or customized for various sports activities
What are the characteristics of a reclining wheelchair?
Used for persons who need to partially or fully recline at some time when they are in the chair; the chair may be semi-reclining or fully reclining.
When a medium sized object is below level of waist, but can be reached without squatting: a ____ lift can be performed?
A) Traditional
B) Stoop
C) One-Leg Step
D) Half-Kneeling
B) Stoop
What level of assistance is used if a patient requires only verbal cues to perform an activity safely and within an acceptable time frame?
A) Standby assistance
B) Contant Guarding
C) Minimum Assistance
D) Moderate Assistance
A) Standby assistance