Exam 3 Pathologies (8,9,10,11) Flashcards
What is Osteomyelitis?
Inflammation of bone caused by infectious organism, typically bacteria, but can be a virus, fungi, or parasite.
What is the etiology (cause) of Osteomyelitis?
Staphlococcus aureus (Most common cause)
Exogenous osteomyelitis -from outside body
Hematogenous osteomyelitis - spread within body
What are the clinical manifestations for Osteomyelitis?
Adults- Back pain or bone pain, low-grade fever.
Radiculopathy, myelopathy, paralysis can occur
What is Myositis?
Inflammation of the muscle that can be an autoimmune disease condition or directly caused by viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents
What are the clinical manifestations for Myositis?
Malaise, fever, muscle swelling, pain, tenderness, lethargy
What is the difference between sprains and strains?
Sprains: Affects ligaments structures around a joint
Strains: Affect muscles, stretching or tearing of musculotendinous unit
Describe the degrees or grades for strains and sprains.
First degree: Minor tearing, no loss of integrity
Second degree: Partial tearing, clear loss of integrity
Third degree: Sever tear, complete loss of integrity
What are the classifications of bone fractures?
Traumatic: sudden impact
Stress or fatigue: Abnormal stress applied to bone. (Lower Extremity, tibial shaft, metatarsal bones most commonly)
Insufficiency: Normal stress applied to abnormal bone
Pathologic: Fragile bone due to neoplastic or other disease conditions
What are the types of fractures?
Displaced or nondisplaced
Open or closed
What is Osteoarthritis/Degenerative Joint disease?
Slowly evolving articular disease that appears to originate in the cartilage and affects the underlying bone, soft tissue, and synovial fluid.
What is the etiology and pathogenesis for Otheoarthritis?
Two classifications: Primary and Secondary
Risk factors: Serious injury, genetics, ligamentous laxity
Pathogenesis: Active disease process affecting synovial joint with joint tissue destruction and abnormal repair
What is the clinical manifestations for Osteoarthritis?
Boney enlargement, Limited ROM, Crepitus on motion, tenderness, joint effusion, malalignment and joint deformity, and joint stiffness after inactivity.
What is the etiology for Degenerative Disc Disease?
Changes to disk with age, Nucleus at center of disk loses water, tears may form around annulus
What are clinical manifestations for Degenerative Disc Disease?
Gradual onset of midline lower back pain
Stiff back, radiating pain may occur
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
A autoimmune disease characterized by loss of ACh receptors; the most common disorder in Neuromuscular Junction.