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Hamsters, GPs, other rodents > PBCh4_Gerbils_JS > Flashcards

PBCh4_Gerbils_JS Flashcards

2
Q

True or False: Gerbils are members of the subfamily Gerbillinae and family Rodentia.

A

False - Family Muridae, Rodentia is an order

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3
Q

True or False: Gerbils are the most common and widely distributed mammals in South Africa.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False: Meriones unguiculatus is the most used gerbil in research (Mongolian gerbil).

A

True

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5
Q

True or False: Meriones unguiculatus is also called jird, clawed jirds, sand rats, and antelope rats.

A

True

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6
Q

True or False: The foundation stock for today gerbil in the US came from Kitasato, Japan in 1954.

A

True

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7
Q

True or False: Gerbils are desert-dwelling, burrowing rodents with resistance to heat stress and dehydration.

A

True

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8
Q

True or False: Most commercially available gerbils are outbred, but there are some inbred strains.

A

True

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9
Q

True or False: Gerbils have a high proportion of red cells with polychromasia, basophilic stippling, and reticulocytosis.

A

True

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10
Q

True or False: Gerbil erythrocytes have a short half-life of approximately 10 d.

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: The predominant white cell is the lymphocyte with a 3:1 or 4:1 ratio over granulocytes.

A

True

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12
Q

True or False: Gerbils are normally lipemic (hypercholesterolemic) on standar diets, especially adult males.

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: Gerbils have a furred tail.

A

True

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14
Q

True or False: Gerbils often have an incomplete circle of Willis, making it useful in stroke research.

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: Incisors grow continuously, but molars are rooted.

A

True

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16
Q

True or False: Lung lobation is similar to mice and rats.

A

True

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17
Q

True or False: In the mid ventral abdomen, gerbils have a specialized gland composed of sebaceous glands and hair structures, which is prominent only in sexually mature males

A

True

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18
Q

True or False: Relative to other laboratory rodents, the adrenal glands are large.

A

True

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19
Q

True or False: Kidneys are adapted for urine concentration, have large papillus, very long loop of Henle, and have myofibroblast (unique to Meriones).

A

True

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20
Q

True or False: There are no reported naturally occurring viral infections in gerbils, but it is believe to be more related to ignorance than reality.

A

True

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21
Q

True or False: Gerbils are susceptible to experimental infections of reovirus 3.

A

True

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22
Q

True or False: Gerbils are very susceptible to Clostridium piliforme (Tizzer’s disease), and orally infected gerbils usually die within 5-7 d postinoculation.

A

True

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23
Q

True or False: At necropsy, liver of affected animals showed pale foci up to 2 mm in diameter (periportal region), coagulation necrosis, and inctracytoplasmatic bacilli in hepatocytes adjacent to necrotic foci. In addition, ecchymoses and edema on small intestine and cecum is present.

A

True

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24
Q

True or False: Bacilli may be evident bordering necrotic foci using Warthin-Starry or Giemsa stains.

A

True

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25
Q

True or False: Diagnosis of Tyzzer’s is done by the presence of microscopic lesions and presence of intracellular bacilli. Differential diagnosis includes Clostridium difficile and salmonellosis.

A

True

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26
Q

True or False: Infection with Clostridum difficile is associated to antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin and metronidazole), leading to typhlocolitis.

A

True

27
Q

True or False: It has been indicated that gerbils are susceptible to Citrobacter rodentium, and tickening of the colonic and rectal walls and goblet cell hyperplasia has been seen.

A

True

28
Q

True or False: Disease and mortality has been seen in young gerbils naturally infected with Salmonella typhimurium, and focal hepatitis, splenic necrosis, suppurative orchitis, interstitial pneumonia, and purulent to pyogranulomatous leptomeningitis were observed microscopically.

A

True

29
Q

True or False: Cockroaches infected with salmonella have been implicated as a possible source of infection.

A

True

30
Q

True or False: Salmonella enteritidis may be recovered from small intestine, liver, spleen, and heart blood in gerbils.

A

True

31
Q

True or False: Isolation of the organism (Salmonella sp) and typical lesions will confirm the diagnosis, and Tyzzer’s is the primary differential.

A

True

32
Q

True or False: Beta-hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with acute, diffuse dermatitis in young gerbils with relative high morbidity and mortality, and the disease has been reproduced by inoculation on the nasal region with staphylococcal isolate.

A

True

33
Q

True or False: Nasal dermatitis has a 5-15% incidence, and it has been associated with S. xylosus (or saprophyticus) and S. aureus. Mechanical trauma may contribute, but lacrimal gland secretions containing porphyrin have been shown to be an important contributing factor.

A

True

34
Q

True or False: Bordetella bronchiseptica has not been reported as a natural disease, but it may cause problems in young gerbils. Because of Bordetella, gerbils should not be in contact with rabbits and/or guinea pigs.

A

True

35
Q

True or False: Gerbils are susceptible to experimental infection with CAR bacillus.

A

True

36
Q

True or False: Gerbils are susceptible to experimental infection with Leptospira sp. but no natural infections have been reported. Leptospirosis infection may persist in kidneys for moths to years.

A

True

37
Q

True or False: Natural infection with Helicobacter hepaticus and H. bilis have been identified in gerbils, and experimental infection with Helicobacter pylori with development of gastric lesions such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastrointestinal metaplasia, and gastric adenocarcinoma.

A

True

38
Q

True or False: The Mongolia gerbil has not been recognized to be a useful model for gastric carcinogenesis associated to H. pylori.

A

False

39
Q

True or False: Demodex aurati or criceti (hamster mites), Acarus farris, Lyposyssoides saguineus, and mites from laboratory mites have detected on gerbils.

A

True

40
Q

True or False: Gerbils are susceptible to infection with Giardia cyst of human origin, and the trophozoites can be found in upper small intestine.

A

True

41
Q

True or False: Gerbils can get infected with oxyurid nematodes without clinical signs, and Dentostomella translucida has been reported in gerbils. Also, S. obvelata, A. tetraptera, and S. muris can infect gerbils.

A

True

42
Q

True or False: Infections with Rodentolepis (Hymenolepis) nana and H. diminuta have been reported in gerbils, with possibility of zoonosis.

A

True

43
Q

True or False: Epilepsy is common in gerbils subjected to stress, and susceptibility starts are 2 mo of age with incidence of 40-80% by 6-10 mo of age. It is inherited as a single autosomal locus with variable penetrance.

A

True

44
Q

True or False: Gerbils may develop periodontal disease under standard diets by 6 mo of age, apparent by 1 yr, and severe by 2yr of age (tooth loss). Also, they are prone to dental caries.

A

True

45
Q

True or False: Gerbils are intermittently active day and night. Foot stomping is a common signal of startling, communication, and aggression. Gerbils tolerate each other if grouped before maturity, but mixing of adult gerbils leads to fighting with death of the weaker.

A

True

46
Q

True or False: Antibiotics of the neomycin-streptomycin group can cause a direct neuromuscular block effect at excessive dose by inhibiting acetylcholine release. Acute toxicity is characterized by depression, ascending flaccid paralysis, coma, and death within minutes of administration.

A

True

47
Q

True or False: Gerbils are prone to accumulation of lead and chronic toxicity, because of their ability to concentrate their urine. Chronically toxic animals become emaciated, with small and pigmented livers and pale and pitted kidneys. Acid-fast intranuclear inclusions in proximal convoluted tubular epithelium and chronic progressive nephropathy can be seen.

A

True

48
Q

True or False: Amyloidosis in liver, spleen, and lymph nodes has not been reported in gerbils.

A

False: It has been reported

49
Q

True or False: Obesity has not been reported on gerbils.

A

False: approximately 10% of gerbils on standard diets can become obese, and these is associated to reduce glucose tolerance, elevated insulin, heperplastic or degenerative changes is pancreas.

50
Q

True or False: Heperadrenocorticism has not been described in male and female gerbil breeders.

A

False: It has been described in male and female breeder but not in virgin animals, and breeding animals have elevated triglycerides, enlarge pancreatic islets, fatty livers, thymic envolution, adrenal hemorrhages, and adrenal lipid depletion with possibility of pheochromocytomas.

51
Q

True or False: Focal myocardial degeneration is common in old gerbils, and in general 50% of male breeders may be affected.

A

True

52
Q

True or False: Chronic glomerulonephropathy is not seen in aging gerbils.

A

False: It is seen.

53
Q

True or False: Spontaneous aural chlesteatoma does occur in gerbils.

A

False: Spontaneous aural cholesteatoma occurs with an incidence of 50% in gerbils 2 yr of age, and these masses of keratinized epithelium arise from the outer surface of the thympanic membrane and external auditory canal, resulting in destruction by compression and inflammation of the temporal bone and inner ear structures.

54
Q

True or False: Cystic ovaries does not occur in female gerbils.

A

False: Female gerbils are prone to develop ovarian cyst, and approximately 50% of female gerbils over 400 d of age are affected. Ovulation and CL formation continues, but litter size is reduced with possibility of infertility in severely affected.

55
Q

True or False: The cause of protrusion of nictitating membrane and conjunctiva with bulbar proptosis in aged gerbils is not known.

A

True

56
Q

True or False: In general high incidence of neoplasm has been reported in gerbils.

A

False: In general, relative low incidence has been reported with an increase in gerbils 2 yrs or older.

57
Q

True or False: Ovarian, adrenocortical, and cutaneous tumors are the most common neoplasms in gerbil.

A

True

58
Q

True or False: Dysgerminomas, luteal cell tumors, leiomyomas, and rarely thecal cell carcinomas have been identified in the ovary.

A

True

59
Q

True or False: Adrenal cortical adenomas and carcinomas occur in the adrenal gland.

A

True

60
Q

True or False: Adenocarcinomas of the ventral marking gland are relative common in gerbils.

A

True

61
Q

True or False: Neoplasms of the lymphopoietic system are common in gerbils.

A

False: Lymphopoeitic neoplasms are relative uncommon in gerbils.

Hamsters, GPs, other rodents (8 decks)

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