BB LRGPHOR Ch3 - Clinical Chemistry & Hematology Flashcards
1
Q
- Which committee formed by several scientific societies formulated a recommended core clinical chemistry panel for safety and toxicity studies in laboratory animals?
A
IHCPT = International Committee for Harmonization of Clinical Pathology Testing
2
Q
- How much volume of blood can be safely withdrawn in a single sample in order to avoid hypovolemic shock and anemia?
a. 1% of the animal’s body weight every two weeks
b. 10% of the circulating blood volume every two weeks
c. 7.5% of the total blood volume every week
d. All of the above
A
d
3
Q
- What is the preferable sample for most clinical chemistry assays?
a. Serum
b. EDTA blood
c. Heparin
A
a
4
Q
- True or False: Serum is produced by collecting blood into tubes with no anticoagulant and allowing it to clot for 30-45 minutes at room temperature. The sample should not stand more than 45 minutes without refrigeration. The sample tube is centrifuged at approximately 1000 g for 15 minutes to yield serum.
A
True
5
Q
- Which two factors interfere with the results of the clinical biochemistry assays?
A
Lipemia and hemolysis
6
Q
- Which procedure do you follow to analyze the urine sediment under the microscope for cells, bacteria and crystals?
A
Centrifuge 1-2 ml of urine at 10 000 g for 10 minutes
7
Q
- True or False: A decrease in glucose concentration by approximately 7% is reported in blood that sits at room temperature for 1 hour.
A
True
8
Q
- Which is the precipitating agent that is often used to remove lipoproteins from the serum sample?
A
Polyethylene glycol 6000
9
Q
- What are the correct functions of low-density and high-density lipoproteins?
A
Low-density carry cholesterol from the liver throughout the body, and high-density lipoproteins carry cholesterol away from the tissues of the body back to the liver
10
Q
- True or False: Triglycerides are a major component of very low-density lipoprotein and serve as a source of energy.
A
True
11
Q
- What is the standardized method that represents enzyme activity?
A
IU
12
Q
- What is the definition of IU?
A
One unit is the amount of enzyme that reacts with one picomole of substrate per minute.
13
Q
- When are alkaline phosphatase concentration increased?
a. Digestion and cholestasis.
b. Injury to intestinal and biliary epithelium.
c. All of the above.
A
c
14
Q
- When are alkaline phosphatase concentration decreased?
A
Fasting, hypothyroidism, pernicious anemia
15
Q
- True or False: Aspartate aminotransferase are increased in proportion to the amount of cellular damage.
A
True
16
Q
- True or False: The concentration of LDH is decreased in serum as a result of organ infarction and significant cell death that results in loss of cytoplasm.
A
True
17
Q
- What does an increase in sorbitol dehydrogenase levels indicate?
A
Hepatocellular damage
18
Q
- Which are the two glucocorticoids produced in the adrenal gland cortex?
A
Cortisol and Corticosterone
19
Q
- What are the sites of production for progesterone?
a. Corpora lutea of the ovaries
b. Adrenal glands
c. Placenta during pregnancy
d. All of the above
A
d
20
Q
- Which enzymes are increased and therefore indicative for liver damage?
A
AST and ALT
21
Q
- Why do specimens obtained for bilirubin levels need to be protected from light exposure?
A
Bilirubin oxidizes when exposed to light
22
Q
- What is the calculated normal ratio of albumin to globulin?
A
> 1
23
Q
- When a renal disorder is suspected, the ratio to BUN to serum creatinine is used for diagnostic. Which ratio is indicative for renal disease?
A
< 20:1
24
Q
- Which is the most common site of blood collection for small volumes in a rabbit?
A
Marginal ear vein
25
46. True or False: Rabbit blood may require more anticoagulant than other species due to its higher calcium content.
True
26
47. Which is the potential cause for reddish coloration of rabbit urine?
Hematuria or Dietary porphyrine
27
48. True or False: Liver enzymes in rabbits are not liver-specific.
True
28
50. True or False: Atropine esterase is present in approximately one third of domestic rabbits and hydrolyzes atropine interfering with the pharmacologic action of atropine.
True
29
51. What is the most common cause for renal failure in a rabbit?
E.cuniculi
30
52. Which side should be chosen for the jugular blood drawing in a guinea pig?
right
31
53. True or False: The guinea pig serves as a good model for hypercholesterolemia
in humans.
True
32
54. True or False: Hairless Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs have lower ALP levels and
higher ALT levels compared to normal Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs.
True
33
55. True or False: Cortisol is the primary glucocorticoid produced by the guinea instead of corticosterone, which predominates in the mouse and rat.
True
34
59. What is the correct method to restrain a kangaroo rat?
Grasping the loose skin at the nape of the neck
35
60. What is the correct method to restrain a cotton rat?
Restrain with leather gloves followed by anethesia
36
61. What is the standard safe volume of a single sample?
1% of the animal’s body weight every two weeks
37
62. Which is the preferred anticoagulant for routine hematology assays?
EDTA
38
64. What is the approximate plasma volume of the total blood in most animals?
50-60% of total blood volume
39
70. The FOA-Kurloff cells are found in which species?
Guinea Pig
