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AA - GEOGRAPHY - Actual Spec > patterns of food production and consumption > Flashcards

patterns of food production and consumption Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the healthy adult calorie intake?

A

2000-2500 per day

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2
Q

global food consumption around the world.

A

it is varied
north calorie intake is higher than south
areas such as america and canada = highest - obseity is high
places such as south africa = lowest - may be due to low income

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3
Q

as world population increases what is also increasing?

A

world agricultural production

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4
Q

what is the pattern of production?>

A

overall it seems to be that poorer countries are producing the products and then supplying them to HIC’s

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5
Q

what is agricultural productivity?

A

ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs

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6
Q

what is agriculture?

A

science or practice of farming including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops

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7
Q

what is climate?

A

a regions long-term weather patterns

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8
Q

what is food security?

A

exists when all people at all times have access to sufficient safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy lifestyle

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9
Q

what is salinisation?

A

the build up of salts in soil

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10
Q

what is soil?

A

the upper layer of earth in which plants grow

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11
Q

what is topography?

A

the relief and drainage of the area

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12
Q

what is zonal soil?

A

a soil that has experienced maximum effect of the climate

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13
Q

what factors have allowed the increase in agricultural supply?

A

package of technologies reffered to as the green revolution

increased relliance on global trade

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14
Q

why has agricultural production and consumption increased more quickly in lics?

A

higher population growth rates
increasing wealth
a greater responsiveness of demand to income growth of poorer countries

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15
Q

what are the physical inputs to agricultrual systems?

A 
temperature 
precipitation 
climate 
relief
soil type
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16
Q

what are the human inputs to agricultural systems?

A 
labour and capital 
machinery 
fertilisers 
energy 
market demand
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17
Q

what are the processes of agricultural systems?

A 
harvesting 
spraying 
ploughing 
weeding 
milking 
feeding
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18
Q

what are the positive outcomes of agricultural systems?

A

crops
animals
products

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19
Q

what are the negative outcomes of agricultural systems?

A

pests
pollution
waste products

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20
Q

what are the losses to farmers?

A 
soil erosion
poorly stored crops 
crop disease 
hazards 
animal disease
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21
Q

changes outside of farmers control?

A 
climate changes 
market 
demand changes 
price 
floods etc
government policies
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22
Q

what are the types of farming?

A 
arable 
pastoral 
mixed
intensive 
extensive 
commercial 
substinence 
sedentary 
nomadic 
GM 
organic
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23
Q

what is arable farming?

A

farming of cereal and root crops

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24
Q

what is pastoral farming?

A

involves livestock rearing

25
Q

what is mixed farming?

A

production of both arable crops and livestock

26
Q

what is intensive farming?

A

involves high investment in labour

27
Q

what are the pros of arable farming?

A

less demanding than livestock farming

28
Q

what are the cons of arable farming?

A

require flatland that allows the use of machinery

29
Q

what are the pros of pastoral farming?

A

land that may be unstable for crops can be utilised

30
Q

what are the cons of pastoral farming?

A

spread of disease

animals can be kept in cruel ways

31
Q

what are the pros of mixed farming?

A

reduce dependency of external inputs

32
Q

what are the cons of mixed farming?

A

control and maintenence of farm are more difficult

33
Q

what are the pros of intensive farming?

A

one of the fastest growing sectors of agricultural economy

34
Q

what are the cons of intensive farming?

A

animal welfare and health concerns

35
Q

What is agricultural productivity?

A

represents how efficiently the agricultural industry use the resources that are available to turn inputs into outputs

36
Q

what is total factor productivity?

A

the ratio of agricultural outputs to inputs

37
Q

what is an agribusiness?

A

involves large corporate organisation of farming

38
Q

what are the 4 aspects of food security?

A

availability
access
utilisation
stability

39
Q

what does there need to be for a country to be secure?

A

a constant supply of healthy food and it needs to be accessible to all

40
Q

what is food availability?

A

refers to the supply of food through production, distrbution and exchange

41
Q

what is GAFSP?

A

the global agriculture and food security programme

42
Q

global pattern of food security?

A 
HICS = low risk which means they get sufficient food 
LICS = at risk as they do not have access to sufficient and safe food
43
Q

explain why the majority of countries at risk of food security are in sub-saharan africa?

A

climate
lack of trade links between other countries
desertification - infertile soils means less crops can be grown

44
Q

how can food security be improved?

A
  • science and technology
  • distributing
  • healthy population of farms and farmers
  • close the yield gap
45
Q

science and technology…

A

developing technologies that can help farmers reach their potential in the amount of food they produce

46
Q

distributing…

A

food needs to be more evenly distributed and less food wasted

47
Q

what are the strategies to ensure food security?

A

increasing food production

improving post-harvest practices

48
Q

strategy 1 - increasing food production (example)

A

Rwanda where GAFSP funding is contributing to the Rwandan governments land husbandry, water harvesting and hillside irrigation project - works to increase productivity of small farmers

49
Q

is strategy one effective?

A 
after 30 months the project has reached 92,000 people 
yeilds increased 
maize - 30% 
beans - 167%
potatoes - 219%
50
Q

strategy 2 - improving post-harvest practices

A

in 2013/14 the WFP carried out research trials in uganda and burkino faso

51
Q

what was the green revolution?

A

a noticable increase in cereal grain production in developing countries due to new seeds and agricultural practices

52
Q

what were the advantages of the green revolution?

A

it allows agricultural operations on a large scale
it has the potential to be able to grow any crop anywhere
it eliminates the need to fallow lands

53
Q

what were the disadvantages of the green revolution?

A

it can cause pests and weeds to develop hazards

it employs mono-culturing

54
Q

what is the gene revolution?

A

modern biotechnology could enable the production of genetically modified crops which could be tailored to meet the needs of regions which still face food shortages

55
Q

what were the advantages of the gene revolution?

A

increased exports
less fertilisers and pesticides needed
some studies show yields increase significantly

56
Q

what were the disadvantages of the gene revolution?

A

seeds only last one growing season
some weeds are developing herbicide resistance
does not always improve food security as many crops are grown for export

57
Q

what are the controversies around GM crops?

A

Gm food and whether it should be labelled
effect of GM crops on health and environment
effect on pesticide resistance
role of crops in feeding world population

58
Q

what are the challenges of post-harvest practices?

A

losses of harvested crops

food safety

59
Q

what are the solutions of post-harvest practices?

A 
pre harvest instructions
training in harvesting 
training in drying and threshing 
solarisation 
improving on farm storage

AA - GEOGRAPHY - Actual Spec (22 decks)

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