patterns of food production and consumption

Question 1

what is the healthy adult calorie intake?

Answer 1

2000-2500 per day

Question 2

global food consumption around the world.

Answer 2

it is varied
north calorie intake is higher than south
areas such as america and canada = highest - obseity is high
places such as south africa = lowest - may be due to low income

Question 3

as world population increases what is also increasing?

Answer 3

world agricultural production

Question 4

what is the pattern of production?>

Answer 4

overall it seems to be that poorer countries are producing the products and then supplying them to HIC’s

Question 5

what is agricultural productivity?

Answer 5

ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs

Question 6

what is agriculture?

Answer 6

science or practice of farming including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops

Question 7

what is climate?

Answer 7

a regions long-term weather patterns

Question 8

what is food security?

Answer 8

exists when all people at all times have access to sufficient safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy lifestyle

Question 9

what is salinisation?

Answer 9

the build up of salts in soil

Question 10

what is soil?

Answer 10

the upper layer of earth in which plants grow

Question 11

what is topography?

Answer 11

the relief and drainage of the area

Question 12

what is zonal soil?

Answer 12

a soil that has experienced maximum effect of the climate

Question 13

what factors have allowed the increase in agricultural supply?

Answer 13

package of technologies reffered to as the green revolution

increased relliance on global trade

Question 14

why has agricultural production and consumption increased more quickly in lics?

Answer 14

higher population growth rates
increasing wealth
a greater responsiveness of demand to income growth of poorer countries

Question 15

what are the physical inputs to agricultrual systems?

Answer 15

temperature 
precipitation 
climate 
relief
soil type

Question 16

what are the human inputs to agricultural systems?

Answer 16

labour and capital 
machinery 
fertilisers 
energy 
market demand

Question 17

what are the processes of agricultural systems?

Answer 17

harvesting 
spraying 
ploughing 
weeding 
milking 
feeding

Question 18

what are the positive outcomes of agricultural systems?

Answer 18

crops
animals
products

Question 19

what are the negative outcomes of agricultural systems?

Answer 19

pests
pollution
waste products

Question 20

what are the losses to farmers?

Answer 20

soil erosion
poorly stored crops 
crop disease 
hazards 
animal disease

Question 21

changes outside of farmers control?

Answer 21

climate changes 
market 
demand changes 
price 
floods etc
government policies

Question 22

what are the types of farming?

Answer 22

arable 
pastoral 
mixed
intensive 
extensive 
commercial 
substinence 
sedentary 
nomadic 
GM 
organic

Question 23

what is arable farming?

Answer 23

farming of cereal and root crops

Question 24

what is pastoral farming?

Answer 24

involves livestock rearing

Question 25

what is mixed farming?

Answer 25

production of both arable crops and livestock

Question 26

what is intensive farming?

Answer 26

involves high investment in labour

Question 27

what are the pros of arable farming?

Answer 27

less demanding than livestock farming

Question 28

what are the cons of arable farming?

Answer 28

require flatland that allows the use of machinery

Question 29

what are the pros of pastoral farming?

Answer 29

land that may be unstable for crops can be utilised

Question 30

what are the cons of pastoral farming?

Answer 30

spread of disease | animals can be kept in cruel ways

Question 31

what are the pros of mixed farming?

Answer 31

reduce dependency of external inputs

Question 32

what are the cons of mixed farming?

Answer 32

control and maintenence of farm are more difficult

Question 33

what are the pros of intensive farming?

Answer 33

one of the fastest growing sectors of agricultural economy

Question 34

what are the cons of intensive farming?

Answer 34

animal welfare and health concerns

Question 35

What is agricultural productivity?

Answer 35

represents how efficiently the agricultural industry use the resources that are available to turn inputs into outputs

Question 36

what is total factor productivity?

Answer 36

the ratio of agricultural outputs to inputs

Question 37

what is an agribusiness?

Answer 37

involves large corporate organisation of farming

Question 38

what are the 4 aspects of food security?

Answer 38

availability access utilisation stability

Question 39

what does there need to be for a country to be secure?

Answer 39

a constant supply of healthy food and it needs to be accessible to all

Question 40

what is food availability?

Answer 40

refers to the supply of food through production, distrbution and exchange

Question 41

what is GAFSP?

Answer 41

the global agriculture and food security programme

Question 42

global pattern of food security?

Answer 42

``` HICS = low risk which means they get sufficient food LICS = at risk as they do not have access to sufficient and safe food ```

Question 43

explain why the majority of countries at risk of food security are in sub-saharan africa?

Answer 43

climate lack of trade links between other countries desertification - infertile soils means less crops can be grown

Question 44

how can food security be improved?

Answer 44

- science and technology - distributing - healthy population of farms and farmers - close the yield gap

Question 45

science and technology...

Answer 45

developing technologies that can help farmers reach their potential in the amount of food they produce

Question 46

distributing...

Answer 46

food needs to be more evenly distributed and less food wasted

Question 47

what are the strategies to ensure food security?

Answer 47

increasing food production | improving post-harvest practices

Question 48

strategy 1 - increasing food production (example)

Answer 48

Rwanda where GAFSP funding is contributing to the Rwandan governments land husbandry, water harvesting and hillside irrigation project - works to increase productivity of small farmers

Question 49

is strategy one effective?

Answer 49

``` after 30 months the project has reached 92,000 people yeilds increased maize - 30% beans - 167% potatoes - 219% ```

Question 50

strategy 2 - improving post-harvest practices

Answer 50

in 2013/14 the WFP carried out research trials in uganda and burkino faso

Question 51

what was the green revolution?

Answer 51

a noticable increase in cereal grain production in developing countries due to new seeds and agricultural practices

Question 52

what were the advantages of the green revolution?

Answer 52

it allows agricultural operations on a large scale it has the potential to be able to grow any crop anywhere it eliminates the need to fallow lands

Question 53

what were the disadvantages of the green revolution?

Answer 53

it can cause pests and weeds to develop hazards | it employs mono-culturing

Question 54

what is the gene revolution?

Answer 54

modern biotechnology could enable the production of genetically modified crops which could be tailored to meet the needs of regions which still face food shortages

Question 55

what were the advantages of the gene revolution?

Answer 55

increased exports less fertilisers and pesticides needed some studies show yields increase significantly

Question 56

what were the disadvantages of the gene revolution?

Answer 56

seeds only last one growing season some weeds are developing herbicide resistance does not always improve food security as many crops are grown for export

Question 57

what are the controversies around GM crops?

Answer 57

Gm food and whether it should be labelled effect of GM crops on health and environment effect on pesticide resistance role of crops in feeding world population

Question 58

what are the challenges of post-harvest practices?

Answer 58

losses of harvested crops | food safety

Question 59

what are the solutions of post-harvest practices?

Answer 59

``` pre harvest instructions training in harvesting training in drying and threshing solarisation improving on farm storage ```