environment and disease

Question 1

what is morbidity?

Answer 1

refers to ill health, includes any diseased state, disability or condition of poor health

Question 2

what is mortality?

Answer 2

refers to deaths, it is the condition of being mortal or susceptible to death

Question 3

summary of epidemiological transition…

Answer 3

infectious diseases are replaced by chronic diseases as the main cause of morbidity and mortality due to improved public health and sanitation

Question 4

does the place where someone lives affect their life?

Answer 4

yes

lics/hics

Question 5

environmental variables and the incidence of disease - climate

Answer 5

• drought leads to crop failure reduction in food security and famine
• flooding can lead to water borne diseases
• SAD - type of depression that has a seasonal pattern
• number of people in uk with respiratory issues has fallen due to improved air quality
• high conc of aluminium in water correlates w/ alz

Question 6

environmental variables and the incidence of disease - topography FLAT LAND `

Answer 6

-LIC’s like Asia high densities of people live on flood plains

Question 7

River Ganges

Answer 7

attracted to by flat land and seasonal flooding that allows them to grow rice
flooding = good but unplanned flooding accounts for 40% of deaths by natural disasters

Question 8

what does flooding also lead to?

Answer 8

drownings
physical injuries
damage to homes

Question 9

HIGH LAND

Answer 9

land slides

nepal suffers from land slides destroying hospitals, schools roads etc

Question 10

environmental variables and the incidence of disease - natural hazards

Answer 10

hatti earthquake jan 2010
before - country lacked sewage systems half country lacked access to clean water 200,000 people HIV/AIDS
disease spread cholera - 2010-2014 8500 deaths cholera

Question 11

uk air pollution is linked to how many deaths?

Answer 11

40,000 early deaths per year

Question 12

distribution of deaths from air pollution

Answer 12

• indie and china -NEE- high due to wealth and industrialisation
• Australia = low due to strict emission laws

Question 13

poor indoor air quality

Answer 13

roof leaks - bacterial growth
dust mites
animal hair 
household cleaners
structural damp 
high humidity
wood burning stoves

Question 14

global pattern of deaths from indoor smoke

Answer 14

-india
-central and southern Africa
wood/gas stoves

Question 15

outdoor air pollution

Answer 15

major environmental health problem with potential to affect everyone in both developed and developing

Question 16

burning of fossil fuels

Answer 16

produces harmful poisons and gasses and long term exposure can cause respiratory problems

Question 17

polluted air

Answer 17

this affects the respiratory and cardiovascular health of the population and is responsible for 37 mil premature deaths worldwide

Question 18

2014 Dheli

Answer 18

dirtiest atmosphere out of 1600 cities worldwide

Question 19

improving air quality

Answer 19

policies and investments that support cleaner transport power generation and efficient housing

Question 20

what would happen if we reduced air pollution?

Answer 20

countries would reduce the burden of disease from stroke, lung cancer and respiratory diseases

Question 21

will improving air quality be easier in developed or developing countries?

Answer 21

developed

• rich
• priority problem for developed whereas LICs are still battling communicable diseases

Question 22

water pollution and poor water quality?

Answer 22

have important impacts on health and can lead to many diseases 2million deaths anually due to unsafe water, poor sanitation and hygiene

Question 23

human sewage

Answer 23

• 1 of main causes of water pollution

toilets may be a hole in ground, same water may be used for drinking washing etc

Question 24

2015 water aid

Answer 24

said 8 million people lived without safe water

Question 25

water resource development and management

Answer 25

attempts to manage water supplies through dam development has led to health problems due to stagnent water - breeding ground for mosquitos

Question 26

water related diseases include

Answer 26

diarrhoeal diseases
malaria
cancer

Question 27

management of water diseases

Answer 27

much progress has been made as it is a focus of mdg’s

number of children dying from diarrohoeal diseases has fallen since 1990’s

Question 28

practical measures have included:

Answer 28

better tools and procedures to protect drinking water quality
SDG’S are focusing on controlling human exposure to water borne diseases

Question 29

what are blue zone communities?

Answer 29

areas where people live the longest

Question 30

which city in UK has lowest life expectancy ?

Answer 30

Glasgow

Question 31

are urban environments in HIC’s more or less likely to lead to health problems than LIC’S

Answer 31

HIC’S less likely but still suffer from health problems

LIC’s suffer from air and water pollution issues

Question 32

wood burners

Answer 32

liberate significant amounts of particulate air pollution into the outdoor air

Question 33

sri lanka - development

Answer 33

• has achieved health related MDG goal targets
• public health care accessible to all
• investment in public health and hospitals n
• widespread vaccination and health education programmes

Question 34

SRI LANKA INFO

Answer 34

shared a similar life expectancy of 71 years as glasgow

characteristics of an LIC but health provision indicates a deeveloping