DTM and natural population change

Question 1

what is the death rate?

Answer 1

average number of live births per year

Question 2

what is the birth rate?

Answer 2

average number of births per year

Question 3

what is the infant mortality rate?

Answer 3

the amount of people who die before their first birthday

Question 4

how many stages of the DTM are there?

Answer 4

5

Question 5

what happens in stage 1?

Answer 5

period of high birth rate and high death rate. population growth = small

Question 6

reasons for high birth rates (stage 1)

Answer 6

limited birth control/family planning
high infant mortality rate encourages birth of more children
children = future source of income

Question 7

reasons for high death rate (stage 1 )

Answer 7

high incidence of disease
poor nutrition
poor hygiene
underdeveloped health facilities

Question 8

what happens in stage 2 >?

Answer 8

periof of high birth rate but death rate falls

Question 9

reason for falling death rates (stage 2)

Answer 9

economic development 
improved public health 
better nutrition 
lower child mortality 
improved medical provision

Question 10

what happens in stage 3?

Answer 10

period of falling birth rate and continued fall in death rate

Question 11

reasons for falling birth rate (stage 3)

Answer 11

changing socio-economic conditions 
greater access to education 
preferences for smaller families 
lower infant mortality rate 
increased personal wealth

Question 12

what happens in stage 4?

Answer 12

period of low BR and DR

more women in workforce with many having high personal incomes and more leisure interests

Question 13

what happens in stage 5?

Answer 13

death rate slightly exceeds birth rate causing population decline

Question 14

What are the limitations of the DTM

Answer 14

it does not include the influences of migration
it assumes all countries will go through the same pattern
no time scale
reasons for BR and DR vary in different countries

Question 15

assumption - all countries will develop

Answer 15

some countries show little sign of this

Question 16

assumption - all countries develop at the same speed

Answer 16

Uk took 200 yrs to industrialise but China has in 60

Question 17

assumption- countries will never reach a point where population declines

Answer 17

italy, russia and japan have

Question 18

what is there a correlation between?

Answer 18

birth rates and fertility rates as they both measure the reproductive potential of a population

Question 19

why is total fertility rate a more accurate measurement of future population?

Answer 19

as it is the average number of children that each women will have

Question 20

where has the highest fertility rates?

Answer 20

sub saharan africa and niger

Question 21

infant mortality rates- important measure of mortality because

Answer 21

age specific- relates to one particular group
indication of level of healthcare available
indication of wealth of a country

Question 22

what are the social factors affecting fertility?

Answer 22

healthcare and medical technology 
education 
status of women 
culture and religious beliefs 
age

Question 23

what are the political factors affecting fertility?

Answer 23

population policies

political stability

Question 24

economic factors affecting fertility

Answer 24

economic conditions

affluence

Question 25

cultural controls - gender

Answer 25

Some cultures have preferences for males, therefore higher fertility rates as families keep trying for boys

Question 26

cultural controls - religion

Answer 26

roman catholics and islam proscribe use of contraception as population control, therefore low fertility growth

Question 27

cultural controls - marriage traditions

Answer 27

• women marry young youngest at age 12

- therefore means women have more children

Question 28

what factors have influenced population change in china and bangaldesh

Answer 28

raising minimum age to marry
improving access to contraception
MDG’s
chinas one child policy to reduce rapid population growth

Question 29

what have been the consequences of the changes in bangladesh and china ?

Answer 29

reduction in pop growth 
reduction in BR 
better education 
infant mortality rates reduced
higher life expectancy