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GEO LAB > Patterns In Solar System > Flashcards

Patterns In Solar System Flashcards

1
Q

What do you call Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars?

A

Terrestrial

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2
Q

What do you call Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune?

A

Jovian

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3
Q

Diameter of planets close vs far from sun

A

Close to sun: thousands of miles
Far from sun: tens of thousands of miles

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4
Q

Solar nebula definition

A

Rotating cloud of interstellar gases (helium and hydrogen mainly) and dust

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5
Q

Explain nebular theory

A
  1. Solar nebula formed
  2. Gravity contracted solar nebula
  3. Material collected in center
  4. condensation sparked nuclear fusion to create photosun
  5. Remains formed flat rotating disk
    - matter cooled and condensed into icy, rocky stuff that collided to form planetismals
  6. Collisions and accretion formed protoplanets
  7. Protoplanets accumulated most of the debris in their orbit to be planets
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6
Q

Planetismals

A

astroid-sized objects from beginning of solar system

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7
Q

What accounts for the differences in compositions of the inner and outer planets?

A

formed from planetismals that had compositional differences according to their proximity to the protosun

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8
Q

compositions and temp of inner planetismals

A

high temps
materials near melting points (metals and rocky substances)

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9
Q

How did the four outer planes form?

A

from the outer planetismals

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10
Q

outer planetismals composition and temp

small amounts of …

A

cool
High percentages of ices - water, co2, ammonia, and methane, small amounts of rocky and metallic debris (iron +nickel)

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11
Q

The accumulation of ices accounted for…

A

large size and low density of outer planets

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12
Q

What is the plane that all planets occur in? Why?

what does it pass through

A

ecliptic
all planets formed from the same rotating disk

Earth and the Sun’s orbit

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13
Q

What are the lightest elements? What planets were massive enough to attract and retain large quantities of them?

A

hydrogen and helium
Jupiter and Saturn

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14
Q

When I say what is the largest or smallest planet, what am I referring to? What about when I’m saying which is more massive?

A

the diameter of the planet
relative mass

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15
Q

What is the largest terrestrial planet?
smallest Jovian planet?

A

Earth
Neptune

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16
Q

What divides the terrestrial and the jovian planets?

A

astroid belt

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17
Q

Terrestrial spacing vs jovian spacing

A

Terrestrial: closer to each other and the sun
Jovian: farther from each other and the sun

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18
Q

Which Jovian planet varies the most from the general pattern of spacing?

how can you figure this out

A

Neptune

find difference of AUs btw each planet

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19
Q

AU of terrestrial vs jovian planets

A

terrestrial: less than 1 (Earth=1)
jovian: more than 1

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20
Q

Inclination of orbit defintion

A

how many degrees the orbit of each planet is inclined from the ecliptic

21
Q

Why does Earth have an inclination of 0?

A

because the ecliptic passes right through Earth’s orbit

22
Q

what is the planet with the largest inclination and what is it? the rest of the planets are inclined to less than __

A

Mercury: 7 degrees
less than 4 degrees

23
Q

If Pluto’s inclination is 17 degrees, what does it imply regarding its association with the solar system?

A

isn’t close to the eliptical, didn’t form from

24
Q

What is mass?

A

measure of quantity of matter in object

25
Q

Relative mass of Terrestrial planets vs Jovian planets

A

Terrestrial: less than 1 (earth=1)
Jovian: more than 1

26
Q

Gravitational attraction of a body is directly related to its __

A

mass

27
Q

planets with high masses have…

A

high surface gravities

28
Q

defintion of weight

A

dependent on the gravitational attraction btw object and planet

29
Q

weight vs mass

A

weight changes w/planet you’re on
mass stays the same

30
Q

Density definiton

unit

A

mass per unit volume of a substance

g/cm^3

31
Q

Least massive planet

A

mercury

32
Q

Planet with greatest gravitational attraction vs least gravitational attraction

A

jupiter
mercury

33
Q

when given how many times the surface gravity of a planet is of Earth, how do you find the weight of an individual given their weight on Earth?

A

just multiply their lbs by that #

34
Q

AVG density terrestrial vs Jovian

A

Terrestrial: much larger than 1
Jovian: cluster around 1

35
Q

Which of the two groups of planets is more likely to attract and hold low-density gaseous material, such as hydrogen and helium?

A

Jovian planets

36
Q

Number of satellites of terrestrial planets vs number of satellites of Jovian planets

A

Terrestrial: few
Jovian: many

37
Q

What is the relationship btw a planet’s number of moons and its mass?

A

a more massive object will have a greater gravitational attraction, thus it’ll hold more moons bc of its stronger pull

38
Q

relationship btw a planet’s size and density

how does this relate to the composition of inner and outer planets

A

larger diameter=less dense (lighter/gas-outer planets)
smaller diameter=more dense (heavier-rocky planets)

39
Q

Polar flattening definition and terrestrial vs Jovian

A

Measure of how squished a planet is from north to South Pole

Terrestrial: smaller
Jovian: larger

40
Q

Orbital velocity definition
Terrestrial vs Jovian

A

Speed a planet moves on it revolution
terrestrial: faster
Jovian: slower

41
Q

what could explain the fact that Mars has a somewhat lower density than the other terrestrial planets

A

farthest from the Sun

42
Q

Densities of the Jovian planets in comparison to the density of water

which planet has a density less than water, so it would “float”

A

close to the density of water

Saturn

43
Q

What direction do planets rotate about their axis? Exception?

A

counterclockwise
Venus

44
Q

Period of rotation meaning
Terrestrial vs Jovian

A

How long it takes to rotate around axis (how long a day is for that planet)

Terrestrial: longer (days)
Jovian: shorter (hours)

45
Q

Period of revolution definition aka
Terrestrial vs Jovian

what direction

A

How long it takes for a planet to go around the sun

Orbital period

terrestrial: shorter
Jovian: longer

counterclockwise

46
Q

velocity equation

what’s another way to think about it

A

distance/time

diameter/period of rotation

47
Q

Terrestrial planets vs Jovian planets when asked how many orbits will they go through in 1 Earth yr

A

terrestrial: more than 1 orbit (except Mars)
jovian: less than 1 orbit

48
Q

Kepler’s third law of motion

A

p^2=d^3
p=orbital period
d=AUs

GEO LAB (12 decks)

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