atmosphere

Question 1

Weather

Answer 1

constantly changing over short period of time

Question 2

Climate

Answer 2

generalized weather over long period of time

Question 3

is climate the average of weather?

Answer 3

no, sum of all statisstical weather info

Question 4

Can climate data predict weather

climate is what you __, weather is what you ___

Answer 4

no

expect; get

Question 5

what are the two gases that make up 99% of clean dry air

what percent of the 99 does each make up

Answer 5

nitrogen and oxygen

nitrogen: 78%; oxygen: 21%

Question 6

what is the remaining one percent of air

Answer 6

argon and other gases

Question 7

is carbon a good absorber? of what?

Answer 7

yes, of energy emmited by earth

Question 8

humidity

Answer 8

lots of water vapor in air

Question 9

variable components of air

Answer 9

aerosols, water vapor, ozone

Question 10

water vapor is the source of 2 things

is it an absorber?

Answer 10

precipitation
clouds

yes, absorber of heat and solar energy

Question 11

what are aerosols

Answer 11

tiny solid and liquid particles

Question 12

why are aerosols significant?

Answer 12

place for water vapor to condense to clouds
reflect/absorb solar radiation
colors to our sunset

Question 13

what is ozone chemical formula?

Answer 13

O3 (3 oxygens)

Question 14

describe the distribution, content, and location of ozone?

Answer 14

not uniform
little of it
stratosphere

Question 15

describe the distribution, content, and location of ozone?

Answer 15

not uniform
little of it
stratosphere

Question 16

why is ozone important to liffe on earth?

is it important to oceans?

Answer 16

absorbs ultraviolet radiation (o2 splits in o, o+02))

no, oceans already filter UV radiaation

Question 17

atmospheric pressure

Answer 17

weight of air above

Question 18

does pressure increase or decrease with increasing latitiude

Answer 18

decreasse

Question 19

troposphere

what occurs here

Answer 19

lowermost layer

altitude increases=low pressure

Question 20

environmental lapse rate

Answer 20

temp decrease ein troposphere

Question 21

normal lapse rate

Answer 21

6 degrees C per km

Question 22

thickness of troposphere

temp and altitude relationship

Answer 22

varies

higher altitude=drop in temp

Question 23

tropopause

Answer 23

the outer boundary of troposphere

Question 24

how can the environmental lapse be calculated?

Answer 24

radiosonde

Question 25

where does all weather occur?

Answer 25

troposphere

Question 26

what is the stratosphere

Answer 26

layer above troposphere

Question 27

what is the outer boundary of the stratosphere called

Answer 27

stratopause

Question 28

how does temp behave from the start of stratosphere to stratopause

Answer 28

increasing bc presence of ozone (absorbs uv = heat)

Question 29

mesosphere

Answer 29

layer above stratosphere

Question 30

what is special about the menopause

Answer 30

coldest of atmosphere (temp decreases as you go up)

Question 31

Thermosphere

Answer 31

layer above the mesosphere

Question 32

what happens at the thermosphere temp | limit

Answer 32

temp increaseing bc gasess absorbing short wave radiation and moving fast | not defined

Question 33

whats the axis

Answer 33

line through npole and spole

Question 34

what causes the seasons

Answer 34

changing amount of daylight change of noon sun

Question 35

what does the intensity of solar raadiation depend on

Answer 35

angle of sun | higher sun angle =more intense

Question 36

relationship btw solar ray paths and angle

Answer 36

high angle: short path low angle: longer path, sunlight more spread out, less intense

Question 37

where's the eonly place that gets 90 degree sunlight | what about the other latitudes

Answer 37

equatot | deecreased ssun angle=less intense

Question 38

what is the relationship btw the sun angle and solar radiation in each 30 degree segment

Answer 38

as you go to polees, the length decreases (low angle of sun) and the solar radiation is less intense

Question 39

what is the inclination of the axis

Answer 39

23.5

Question 40

when are the solstices?

Answer 40

december june

Question 41

when is the earth tilted toward sun | which hemisphere is ummer solsitice

Answer 41

june | northern

Question 42

when is the earth tilted away from the sun | which hemisphere is winter solsice

Answer 42

december | northern

Question 43

what lline vertically strikes at the summer solstice? winter solstice?

Answer 43

tropic of cancer tropic of capricorn

Question 44

when are the equinoxes? | what are the direct sunlights hitting ## Footnote spring equinox hemi vs fall

Answer 44

spring:march fall: september | equatorr ## Footnote spring: northern, fall: nouthern

Question 45

for those living in the northern hemisoherem wich seasons are used for march and september | sourhtern hemi

Answer 45

march:spring september: fall | march: fall; september: spring

Question 46

length of daylight everywhere on equinox

Answer 46

12 hrs

Question 47

as you inceraase your latitiude in the northern hemisphere, the length of daylight for the summer solsitice

Answer 47

increases

Question 48

heat aka

Answer 48

thermal energy

Question 49

temperature

Answer 49

avg kinetic energy of stoms, intensity of hotness

Question 50

How does the angle of the noonday sun change over the year?

Answer 50

noon sun crosssess equator twxce and loops around tropic of carpicorn and tropic of cancer

Question 51

conduction | convection

Answer 51

milecular activity | mass movement circulation

Question 52

how does solar energy reach our planet

Answer 52

radiation

Question 53

speed of light

Answer 53

300,000km per second

Question 54

which waves have the longest wave length | shortest

Answer 54

radio | gamma

Question 55

what color of visible light is the longest wave length | shortest

Answer 55

red | violet

Question 56

what part of the electromagnetic spectrum -infrared or ultravioolet- has shorter wavelengths

Answer 56

ultraaviolet

Question 57

laws of radiation

Answer 57

1. all things emit radiation 2. hotter=emit more radiaition 3. hotter objects=emit more radiant energy in short wavelength 4. good absorbers=good emmitterss

Question 58

earth to sun radiaiton vs sun to earth

Answer 58

sun to tearth: short wave long wave

Question 59

results of radiation striking object

Answer 59

1. absorbed: converted to heat--> temp increases 2. transmit: no temp dif 3. reflection and scattering/albedo

Question 60

why is the atmosphere transparent to incoming solar rradiaiton

Answer 60

50% absorbed at surface

Question 61

what percentage of incoming solar radiaiton is reflected and scaattered back to space

Answer 61

30%

Question 62

what is the percentage of solar radiation that is absorbed by clouds and gases in the atmosphere

Answer 62

20%

Question 63

reflections

Answer 63

light bounces back at same angle it was recieved at same intensity

Question 64

scattering

Answer 64

radiation deviates from trajectory caused by striking particles in atmossphere, splitting into many weak waves

Question 65

how is energy returned to space

Answer 65

reflection emmisison of radiant energy

Question 66

albedo

Answer 66

fraction of total radiation reflected

Question 67

albedo of earth as whole

Answer 67

30%

Question 68

how is albedo affected by sun angle

Answer 68

low sun angle=more atmosphere to penetrate through=more loss of solar radiaiton

Question 69

is nitrogen a good obsorber ot poor obsorber of incoming solar radiatioin

Answer 69

poor

Question 70

oxygen's relationship with ultraaviolet rays

Answer 70

removes them from atmosphere

Question 71

what is a significcant abosrver of uv

Answer 71

water vapor

Question 72

what is the atmosphere a good absorber of?

Answer 72

long waves emitted by earth (terrestrial radiaiton)

Question 73

what are the primary absorbingg gases

Answer 73

water vapor and co2

Question 74

wave lengths of cool objectss

Answer 74

longer

Question 75

greenhosue effect

Answer 75

after gases in atmosphere absorb radiation from earth, they raduate it skyward or earthward for it to be reabsorbed

Question 76

does earth's surface mit ultraviolet, visble, or infrared radiation

Answer 76

infrared

Question 77

things with high albedos will be good or bad absorbers?

Answer 77

bad

Question 78

desrbie the temp of atmosphere above albedos

Answer 78

high albedos: warm low: not warm

Question 79

high albedos | low

Answer 79

snow water | asphalt

Question 80

tf: the heating of earth's surface affects the heating of air above

Answer 80

true

Question 81

difference btw land and water

Answer 81

land heats more rapidly and at higher temps cools more rapidlly and at lower temps

Question 82

windward coasts vs leeward

Answer 82

windward: force of ocean, cool summer, mild winter leeward: more cont. regime tmep

Question 83

things that affect albeedo

Answer 83

cllloud cover, sun angle, surface

Question 84

do clouds have a high or low albedo

Answer 84

high

Question 85

if there are clouds in the day, what happens? | clear vs overcast days

Answer 85

day temps lowered bc it reduces incoming solar radiation | clear: high temp; overcast:low tmeo

Question 86

at night, cloud cover causes

Answer 86

absorption of radiaiton emitted by earth, temps odn't as low as a clear night

Question 87

what kind of shifting is there on the global distribution map

Answer 87

latitundinal shift caused by seasibal migration oif sun's veritcals rays

Question 88

observations of global map

Answer 88

Temperature decreases poleward from tropics

Question 89

warm waters occur over cold waters

Answer 89

continents' continents

Question 90

isotherms of southern hemisphere vs northern hemisphere | warm current vs cold current on isotherm

Answer 90

southern: straight bc of no land mass | warm: poleward; cold: equatorial

Question 91

what has more flux: land or wwater

Answer 91

inland

Question 92

annual temp increases with

Answer 92

latitiude

Question 93

why does the temp at equatore staty relatively sam

Answer 93

similar length of daylight and angle

Question 94

what controls temp

Answer 94

land and water, altitude, sea currents

Question 95

factors affecting wind

Answer 95

pressure gradient force, coriolis, friction

Question 96

pressure gradient | isobars

Answer 96

preessure edifferences caause greater accelration of wind | same pressure

Question 97

subtropical high | polarsubrtropic low

Answer 97

tropic of caner and capri | artic and antarctic circle