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PAPER 2: Social Inequalitites > Patterns And Trends Of Gender Inequality > Flashcards

Patterns And Trends Of Gender Inequality Flashcards

1
Q

What are the concepts for gender inequalities in work and employment for females

A
  • glass ceiling
  • concert ceiling: Davidson
  • glass cliff
  • glass elevator effect
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2
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept 1: glass ceiling

What is glass ceiling ?

A

Invisible barrier that keeps women from achieving power and success equal to that of men and moving up the career ladder

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3
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept 1: glass ceiling

What is the statics for glass ceiling ?

A
  • FTSE 100 companies
  • UK feminista: pregnancy and redundancy
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4
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept 1: glass ceiling

What does FTSE 100 companies say ?

A

Just 3 of the FTSE 100 companies have 2 women in the executive role: Costa dodge and Next

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5
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept 1: glass ceiling

How many of the FSTE 100 companies have two women role in executive role ?

A

Three

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6
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept 1: glass ceiling

UK Feminista: pregnancy and redundancy , found out that how many women are sacked every year for being pregnant?

A

30,000

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7
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

What is concrete ceiling: Davidson

A

The embedded discrimination that prevent ethnic minorities women being promoted

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8
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept : concrete ceiling

What are the evidence for concrete ceiling ?

A
  • members of the House of Commons
  • colour of power index
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9
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept : concrete ceiling

Following the 2018 general election, how many members of the house of common are ethnic minorities?

A

10%

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10
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept : concrete ceiling

How many members of parliament are ethnic minority women ?

A

5%

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11
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept: concrete Ceiling

According to “the colour of power index” 2017, how much power go to men of colour

A

3.4%

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12
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

Concept : concrete ceiling

According to “the colour of power index” 2017, what percentage of position of power go to women of colour ?

A

1%

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13
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

What is concept: glass cliff ?

A

Women leadership roles e.g political election candidate being likelier than men during times of crisis or downturn

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14
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

concept: glass cliff

What is the evidence to support this ?

A
  • Theresa May, was the first female prime minister after the Brexit vote so she had to take charge of the consequences of the negotiations
  • FTSE 100 companies that appointed women to their board were likelier than others to experience bad performance in 5 months
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15
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

What is concept: glass elevator effect ?

A

Men often rise higher and faster the career ladder particularly in female dominated careers such as teaching and nursing due to men having hidden advantages that assist them to promotion

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16
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

concept: glass elevator effect

What is the evidence for this ?

A
  • savage (2011)
  • European Commission research (2019)
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17
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

concept: glass elevator effect

According to savage (2011) studied employment in the 2000 , how many men were more likely to climb the career ladder than women

A

40% more likely to climb the career ladder than women

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18
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

concept: glass elevator effect

According to European Commission research 2019, found how many women were parliament members in the EU countries ?

A

31%

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19
Q

gender inequalities in work and employment for females

concept: glass elevator effect

According to the European Commission Research 2019, also found that how many women were board members of the largest publicly listed companies resigisfered in the EU

A

27.8%

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20
Q

Area 2: gender inequalities in poverty (females)

What concept is used ?

A

Feminisation of poverty- Diane Pearce

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21
Q

Area 2: gender inequalities in poverty (females)

What is feminisation of poverty ?

A

Women and children are disproportionately represented among the worlds poor and more likely than men to live below the poverty line

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22
Q

Area 2: gender inequalities in poverty (females)

Why is the evidence for feminisation of poverty?

A

2020 coronavirus impact

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23
Q

Area 2: gender inequalities in poverty (females)

Feminisation of poverty ,

According to covid 19 impact, how many single parents will be forced to survive on £1,000 or less per month ?

A

1.2 million single parents

24
Q

Area 2: gender inequalities in poverty (females)

Feminisation of poverty

According to covid 19 impact, 1.2 million single parents will be forced to survive on how much or less per month

A

£ 1,000

25
Q

Area 2: gender inequalities in poverty (females)

Feminisation of poverty

Covid 19 impact , what % of single parents are women that are over represented in low paid jobs with zero hour contracts that cannot be carried out from home

A

86%

26
Q

Area 3 : gender inequalities in family life (females )

What concept is used ?

A

Emotion work and triple shift - dunscombe and Marsden

27
Q

Area 3 : gender inequalities in family life (females )

What is emotion and triple shift: dunscombe and marsden

A

Women do triple shift and emotion work of giving love, understanding, praise

28
Q

Area 3 : gender inequalities in family life (females )
emotion and triple shift: dunscombe and marsden

Evidence for this ?

A
  • ( covid 19 impact )women far more likely to be interrupted during paid working hours than fathers
  • UCL online survey
29
Q

Area 3 : gender inequalities in family life (females )

emotion and triple shift: dunscombe and marsden - Covid 19 impact

Mothers are most likely to be interrupted during paid working hours than fathers, what % of mothers compared to fathers spend split of paid hour work and childcare ?

A

47 % for women
30 % for father

30
Q

Area 3 : gender inequalities in family life (females )
emotion and triple shift: dunscombe and marsden - 2020 covid impact

According to e UCL online survey, how long do women look after child more than men ?

A

Mothers = 10.3 hours of the day
Fathers = women do 2.3 more than fathers

31
Q

What are the areas of gender inequalities for men ?

A

Area 1: gender inequalities for male in the workplace
Area 2: gender inequalities for males in education
Area 3: gender inequalities for males in health
Area 4: gender inequalities for males in family

32
Q

What are the concepts for gender inequalities in males In work and employment?

A

Glass cellar and erotic capital

33
Q

gender inequalities in males In work and employment

What is glass cellar: Warren Farrell

A

Least desirable and dangerous jobs with lease pay and security are male dominated

34
Q

gender inequalities in males In work and employment

Evidence to support glass cellar: Warren Farrell ?

A
  • health and safety of men at work
  • David Benatar
35
Q

gender inequalities in males In work and employment : glass cellar: Warren Farrell

According to health and safety of men at work, what % of the 200 people killed at work everyone year are men ?

A

95%

36
Q

gender inequalities in males In work and employment: glass cellar: Warren Farrell

What does David Bentar support ?

A

Supports Farrell point in his book ‘the second sexism’ 2012, that the least desirable and most dangerous jobs with least pay and security is male dominated

37
Q

gender inequalities in males In work and employment:

What is erotic capital: Catherine Hakim ?

A

Advantage a person can get based on their beauty, sexiness, attractiveness, flirtatiousness which women benifit from than men

38
Q

gender inequalities in males In work and employment: erotic capital: Catherine Hakim

What is the evidence to support this ?

A
  • British women and men spending on grooming products
  • hakim
39
Q

gender inequalities in males In work and employment: erotic capital: Catherine Hakim

How much do British men compared to women spend on grooming products month

A
  • British men a month = £25.22
  • British women a month = £40

Second study : hakim
When credit crunch time hit, people began to lose jobs newspaper was filled with stories of men having plastic surgery and buying new ties to look competitive so not enough for men to be breadwinners need to look attractive and groomed as well

40
Q

Fot r gender inequalities in males In education
What concept is used ?

A

male educational underachievement: David Benatar

41
Q

gender inequalities in males In education :

What is the concept male educational underachievement: David Benatar

A

Education as a concern area where men fall behind

42
Q

gender inequalities in males In education :

For male educational underachievement: David Benatar , what evidence is used to support this ?

A
  • gcse results in 2019
  • UCAS 2013
43
Q

gender inequalities in males In work education :

male educational underachievement: David Benatar , what did the gcse 2019 results show ?

A

Girls outperform boys

44
Q

gender inequalities in males In education:

male educational underachievement: David Benatar , in the Gcse results in 2019 , what was girls and boys pass rates ?

A

Girls -71% pass rate
Boys - 62 % pass rate

45
Q

gender inequalities in males In education: male educational underachievement: David Benatar

What did the UCAS 2013 , show between women and men ?

A

Women are a third more likely to enter university than men

46
Q

gender inequalities in health for men

What concept is used

A

The men’s health gap

47
Q

Gender inequalities in male for healthcare,

What is men’s health gap ?

A

Most parts of the world, health outcomes for boys and men continue to be worse than girls and women but this has received little national,regional and global attention

48
Q

Gender inequalities in health (males): men’s health gap

What evidence is used ?

A
  • ONS 2010 heart disease
  • addiction ONS 2001
49
Q

Gender inequalities in health (males): men’s health gap

According to ONS , 2010 what was found in males and heart disease

A

Men develop heart disease 10 years earlier than women

50
Q

Gender inequalities in health (males): men’s health gap

What does addiction, ONS 2001 state about men than women to most likely have an alcohol addiction?

A

80% of those dependent on alcohol are men

51
Q

Gender inequalities in family life (male)

What concept is used ?

A

Family pressure: Joe warin

52
Q

Gender inequalities in family life (male)

What is family pressure : Jo Warin ?

A

Fathers feel under pressure to provide for their families due to demands of teenage children for consumer goods or designer fashion labels and men who were sick or in low paid jobs felt frustrated and sad that there are unable to supply what family needs

53
Q

Gender inequalities in family life (male)

What is the evidence to support family pressure: Joe Warin

A
  • equal opportunities commission 2007: flexible working
  • equal opportunities commission 2007: father working hours
54
Q

Gender inequalities in family life (male): family pressure: Joe Warin

According to equal opportunities commission 2007: flexible working hours was seen for who ?

A

See flexible working hours and family friendly working policies as something for women

55
Q

Gender inequalities in family life (male): family pressure: Joe Warin

According to equal opportunities commission 2007: father working hours was what exactly ?

A

Fathers working hours = 50 hours a week so less time looking after kids than fathers working shorter

PAPER 2: Social Inequalitites (14 decks)

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