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PAPER 2: Social Inequalitites > Marxism And Class Inequality > Flashcards

Marxism And Class Inequality Flashcards

1
Q

Studies for Marxism and class inequality

A
  1. Class conflict
  2. The contradiction of capitalism
  3. Overthrow of capitalism
  4. Pierre Bourdeui: cultural capital
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2
Q

According to Marx class conflict : he argued that capitalism gave rise to two new classes ?

A

The bourgeoise and the proletariats

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3
Q

According to Marx: class conflict what is the bourgeoises ?

A

Ruling class, or capitalist class who owned the means of production: factories,land, resources and can shapes people’s ideas by media and education systems

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4
Q

According to Marx: class conflict shah is the proletariat ?

A

Working class, who owned no wealth and forced to sell labour for wages for the capitalist

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5
Q

According to Marx: class conflict, what was the relationship of bourgeoisie and proletariat based on ?

A

Relationship was based on class conflict/struggle

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6
Q

According to Marx: class conflict , the workers create the wealth of the bourgeoises only a fraction of the profit comes back to the workers as wages, what does Marx call this ?

A

Surplus value

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7
Q

For Marx class conflict, how are workers exploited?

A

Because the employers seek low wages and high profit

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8
Q

According to Marx: contradiction of capitalism, Marx argued that capitalism suffered from what ?

A

Inherent contradiction and inbuilt problems

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9
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism

What would inherit contradiction and inbuilt problems lead to ?

A

Eventually leads to its downfall

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10
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism

What would be the four downfalls that would happen ?

A
  1. Exploitation (theft and underpay)
  2. Polarisation of social classes
  3. Alienation
  4. Economic crisis
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11
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : exploitation (theft and underpay)

What does capitalism involve in terms of paying ?

A

Paying a worker one wage for their labour and selling at higher price

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12
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : exploitation (theft and underpay)

What does Marx seeing capitalist paying worker less and selling at higher wage as ?

A

As theft by stealing talent and hard work to maximise capitalist profit and underpaying and exploring workers

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13
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : polarisation of social classes

How do capitalist expect to maintain their profit ?

A

Driving down wages or replacing workers with machine

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14
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : polarisation of social classes

What did Marx “immiseration thesis” predict ?

A

Predicted that living standards of workers would fall further and further and class division would become more polarised

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15
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : polarisation of social classes

Example of polarisation ?

A

Petty bourgeoisie (small m/c) would sink into working class by powerful businesses furthering the divide between two classes

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16
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : polarisation of social classes

What would polarisation strengthen ?

A

Strengthen class divide and difference

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17
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : alienation

According to Marx what do workers need to feel ?

A
  • Need to feel connected to the fruits of their labour
  • to feel themselves in the objects they’ve created to feel work as meaningful
18
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : alienation

However what does capitalism do that makes workers not feel work as meaningful ?

A

Capitalist alienates (disconnects) workers from meaningful outcome of labour e.g making chair leg over and over again

19
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : alienation

Due to workers being alienated from work, how do workers feel ?

A

Workers do not feel satisfaction due to having no control over own work but just as means to increase profit

20
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : economic crisis

What does Marx argue tend to happen to capitalist economies ?

A

Tend to suffer from economic crisis due to competition between companies
Boom and bust periods

21
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : economic crisis

What would recession lead to according to Marx ?

A

Collapse of capitalism e.g Great Depression

22
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : economic crisis

How do the capitalist feel about recession ?

A

They live the reality of proletariats under economic system

23
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : overthrow of capitalism

What is it called when workers are unaware of their own exploitation ?

A

False class consciousness

24
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : overthrow of capitalism

When workers are aware of their own suffering what is this called ?

A

Class consciousness

25
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : overthrow of capitalism

After the working class have a class consciousness , what else happens ?

A

Overthrow capitalism through a revolution and a new economic system called communism

26
Q

According to capitalist: contradiction of capitalism : overthrow of capitalism

Once communism is achieve what would society look like ?

A
  • Would replace capitalism where the means of production
  • no capital money
  • no rich and poor
  • no social class
  • everyone contribute something to society ‘according to their ability’ (skills and talent)
  • classless society
27
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

What does Bourdieu argue about ?

A

Cultural capital

28
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

What is cultural capital ?

A

Knowledge, taste, norms, values and skills that gives a person an advantage in life associated with middle class

Opera, ballet, museums

29
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

What can cultural capital lead to ?

A

Material rewards (economic rewards)

30
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

What agents does Bourdieu focus in ?

A

Family and education

31
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

What three things does Bourdieu say about the family

A
  • Middle class pass down cultural capital to their children
  • working class families tend to have less cultural capital so cannot transfer much for advantage to children
  • education system is bias as favour middle class culture and devalues working class skills and knowledge
32
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

What does Bourdieu say about middle class and education

A

Middle class children come to school equipped to cultural capital - norms, values,experiences and have knowledge that fit into middle class ethos of school leaving to children achieving educational goals

33
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

Why are middle class advantage already in school ?

A

Because they already have skills and knowledge from education from parents

34
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

What does working class children experience ?

A

Cultural deficit

35
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

Due to working class having cultural deficiet what does this mean ?

A
  • teachers and schools have little importance to their experience and values
  • alienated by middle class schooling
  • so loose importance of school so eliminate themselves and fail exams
36
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

What is the main function of education ?

A

Cultural reproduction

37
Q

Pierre Bourdieu: cultural capital

Why is education a cultural reproduction ?

A

Because middle class reproduce their middle class cultural and working class reproduce their working class culture

38
Q

What are the evaluations of Marx

A
  • ignores other kinds of inequality
  • middle class
  • false predictions
  • success of capitalism
39
Q

What does ignores other kinds of inequalities say ?

A

Marx only focuses on social class inequalities but ignores other important inequalities e.g gender, age, ethnicity

40
Q

What does middle class Marx evaluation say ?

A

Marx Dismiss the importance of the class inbetween the proletariat and bourgeoisie (the petite bourgeoises). Marx only focuses on two classes as petite bourgeoises has grown in size what about this ?

41
Q

False predictions evaluation of marx

A

Marx predicted that downfall of capitalism in advanced industries e.g Britian, Germany is inevitable but revolutions have happened in underdeveloped societies such as Russia, china
- in western societies there is little sign of class consciousness

42
Q

What is success of capitalist evaluation ?

A

Capitalist society have seemed to flourished despite “inherent contradictions “ and though capitalist economies tend to go through a cycle of boom and bust but discontent is contained

PAPER 2: Social Inequalitites (14 decks)

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