patologie cardiaca Flashcards

1
Q

descrie suflu cardiac inocent

A

origine in structurile cardiovasculare
apare in absenta unor modificari anatomice
asociat cu stari hiperdinamice (febra)
EKG intotdeauna normal

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2
Q

descrie suflu cardiac patologic

A

simptomatic
Rx: cardiomegalie
EKG- anormal
suflu diastolic
suflu sistolic de grad 3 sau mai mare
suflu sistolic + freamat
cianoza
puls crescut/scazut
zgomote cardiace anormale

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3
Q

care sunt elementele pe care le evaluam clinic la un copil cu suflu cardiac?

A

tegumentele si mucoasele, extremitatile- evaluarea cianozei
hipocratismul digital
deformari toracice
respiratia
palpam pulsul- radial/dorsal picior, femural/brahial
auscultatia cordului
semnele vitale

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4
Q

care sunt investigatiile imagistice necesare la un copil cu suflu cardiac?

A

EKG
ecocardiogrfie (+doppler)
Rx toracic
RMN
examen baritat al tractului digestiv superior
cateterism cardiac si angiografie
hemoleucograma
ph-metrie

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5
Q

cum se clasifica cardiopatiile congenitale?

A
  1. cianogene/necianogene
  2. cu comunicare anormala/ fara comunicare anormala- sunt dreapta-stanga, sunt stanga-dreapta, fara sunt
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6
Q

care sunt malformatiile cardiace necianogene?

A

obstructive: stenoza aortica valvulara, stenoza pulmonara
fara sunt: coarctatia de aorta
cu sunt stanga-dreapta: persistenta canalului arterial, defect de sept atrial, defect de sept ventricular

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7
Q

care sunt malformatiile cardiace cianogene?

A

cu sunt dreapta-stanga: tetralogia fallot, atrezia tricuspida, transpozitia de vase mari

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8
Q

care sunt complicatiile malformatiilor cardiace?

A

endocardita bacteriana
ICC
sincopa
rau hipoxic
moarte subita

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9
Q

ce este trtralogia fallot?

A

stenoza valvulara pulmonara+defect de sept ventricular+aorta calare pe sept+hipertrofia ventriculului drept

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10
Q

care este tabloul clinic al tretralogiei fallot?

A

suflu sistolic
cianoza
hipocratism digital
squatting
falimentul cresterii
dispnee
stari de rau hipoxic

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11
Q

care este tabloul clinic al defectelor de sept?

A

pot fi asimptomatice
falimentul cresterii
fatigabilitate
dispnee
insuficienta respiratorie
ICC, HTP

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12
Q

descrie tabloul clinic din insuficienta cardiaca la nou-nascut/sugar

A

dispnee la efortul de alimentatie
tahipnee (>60/min nn; >40/min la sugar)
transpiratii
tahicardie (>160/min nn;>130/min sugar)
tiraj intercostal
batai ale aripioarelor nazale
hepatomegalie
cresterea paradoxala in greutate
agitatie

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13
Q

descrie tabloul clinic al insuficientei cardiace la copilul mai mare

A

tahicardie (>100/min)
aritmii
sufluri cardiace
cardiomegalie
tuse, polipnee cu hipopnee
ortopnee
hepatomegalie
anorexie
edem gambier vesperal

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14
Q

care sunt principiile de tratament ale insuficientei cardiace a copilului?

A

igienodietetic
medicamentos

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15
Q

descrie tratamentul igienodietetic al insuf cardiace la copil

A
  1. limitarea efortului fizic
  2. dieta- restrictie de sodiu, aport suplimentar de potasiu, aport caloric in functie de varsta si greutate, restrictie de lichide
  3. oxigenoterapia
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16
Q

care sunt clasele de medicam care se dau in caz de insuficienta cardiaca la copil

A

cardiotonice- digoxin, dobutamina
diuretice- furosemid, spironolactona
vasodilatatoare- inhib ai enz de conv (captopril) beta-blocante(carvedilol)