Patient Preparation Flashcards
How is an animal prepared for anesthesia?
2
- correct or compensate for any disease process
- IV fluids
- drug administration - Withhold food and water
How long should an animal be off of food and water before anesthesia?
(2)
- food: 8-12 hours
2. water: 2 hours
Why is it important to withhold food and water before anesthesia?
could cause problems during sedation if they throw up and breath it in
What does the Cardiopulmonary System do for the body?
The cardiopulmonary (CP) system provides oxygen to the body tissues
Why is monitoring the Cardiopulmonary System important?
2
- All anesthetics affect the cardiopulmonary system
2. CP system depression is a chief concern during an anesthetic procedure
Why are brachycephalic dogs difficult to perform anesthesia on?
(4)
- Collapsing external nares
- enlarged tonsils
- Elongated soft palate
- Small tracheal diameter
What is necessary for cellular energy production?
oxygen
What is the role of the respiratory system?
2
- oxygen exchange
2. warming and humidification of air
What does the amount of air reaching the alveoli depend on?
2
- lung expansion
- respiratory rate
What do anesthetics do to the respiratory rate and degree of lung expansion?
(2)
decrease RR
decrease lung expansion
What is a normal amount of CO2 for an animal under anesthesia?
35-45 mmHg
Why would an animal have high CO2 levels?
2
- not breathing frequently enough
2. not breathing deep enough
How can you correct a high CO2 levels?
2
- give them a few breathes
2. decrease gas anesthesia
What is the role of the cardiovascular system?
transports oxygen from lungs to the rest of the body tissues
How does oxygen enter the bloodstream?
diffuses across membranes into blood
What is blood circulation powered by?
contraction of the heart
What is blood circulation affected by?
2
- cardiac output
2. and vascular resistance
What are the effects of anesthetics on the cardiovascular function?
(2)
- decreased contractility (stroke volume)
2. decreased heart rate
What is the formula for finding out cardiac output?
CO = SV x HR
What does vasodilation do to blood circulation?
2
makes it harder for blood to move in the vasculature because of increased lumen size
blood pressure decreased
What does vasoconstriction do to the cardiovascular system?
2
- vessels become smaller, smaller lumen
- blood pressure increases
