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Local Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What is local anesthesia?

A

Loss of pain sensation and movement in an area of the body due to blockage of nerve conduction

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action for local anesthesia?

A

interferes with movement of sodium ions across neuronal cell membranes

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3
Q

What are the indications for using local anesthesia? (4)

A
  1. Minor surgical procedures
  2. Large animals
  3. Suturing a wound, cleaning a wound
  4. Doesn’t usually work well for cats
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4
Q

What are the 2 types of local anesthetics?

A
  1. Esters

2. Amides

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5
Q

What are examples of Esters? (4)

A
  1. Cocaine
  2. Procaine
  3. Chlorprocaine
  4. Proparacaine
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Esters? (2)

A
  1. short-acting effects

2. apply topically to mucous membranes

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7
Q

What are the examples of Amides? (3)

A
  1. Lidocaine
  2. Mepivacaine
  3. Bupivacaine
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8
Q

Characteristics of Lidocaine (3)

A
  1. 1.5 - 2 hours
  2. Faster effect
  3. Least potent
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9
Q

Characteristics of Mepivacaine (2)

A
  1. less irritating to tissues

2. 1.5-3 hours

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10
Q

Characteristics of Bupivacaine (3)

A
  1. 15-30 min to take effect
  2. lasts 4-6 hours
  3. most potent
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11
Q

Characteristics of Amides (2)

A
  1. Longer lasting effects

2. topical or injection

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12
Q

What are the possible adverse effects of using local anesthetics? (5)

A
  1. Tissue irritation
  2. Allergic reaction
  3. Nerve trauma
  4. Respiratory paralysis, sympathetic bockade w/ epidural injections
  5. Systemic toxicity
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13
Q

What are the effects of systemic toxicity? (4)

A
  1. muscle twitching
  2. hyperexcitability
  3. seizures
  4. goats, sheep, cats are more sensitive
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14
Q

How do you use a topical local anesthetic? (2)

A
  1. Put on an open wound to numb/desensitize

2. Glottis opening for cats to intubate

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15
Q

What are the 2 localized infiltration anesthetics?

A
  1. line block

2. nerve block

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16
Q

What line block in used on cows and for what procedures? (4)

A
  1. inverted L block
  2. paralumbar fossa
  3. surgery on abdomen
  4. C-sections
17
Q

What is an Epidural Block? (4)

A
  1. Around spinal cord
  2. Between 2 crests of the ilium
  3. Between 7th lumbar vertebrae and sacrum
  4. Liquid gets sucked in when in the right spot
18
Q

What is a Paravertebral Block? (2)

A
  1. Paralumbar fossa on cows

2. 3 different points of injection

19
Q

What nerves are numbed during Paravertebral Block? (3)

20
Q

What is a Caudal Epidural Block? (2)

A
  1. Between sacrum and first coccyx vertebrae

2. Between the first 2 coccyx vertebrae

Anesthesiology (33 decks)

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