Analgesia: Opioids Flashcards
What are the opioids used for moderate to severe pain? (5)
- Morphine
- Oxymorphone
- Hydromorphone
- Fentanyl
- Methadone
What are the opioids used for mild to moderate pain? (4)
- Buprenorphine
- Butorphanol
- Meperidine
- Nalbuphine
How does Morphine work to have an analgesic effect? (2)
- Agonists
2. binds mu and kappa receptors
What animals can Morphine be used on? (3)
- dogs
- cats
- horses
How can Morphine be administered? (5)
- IM
- IV
- PO
- Epidural
- SQ
What are the potential adverse effects for Morphine? (5)
- dysphoria
- panting
- bradycardia
- colic (horses)
- histamine release (IV)
How does Hydromorphone and Oxymorphone work to have an analgesic effect? (2)
- agonists
2. bind mu receptors
How do Hydromorphone and Oxymorphone compare to Morphine?
Longer and better analgesia than morphine
How can Hydromorphone and Oxymorphone be administered?
Can be given IV without causing histamine release
What are the side effects for Hydromorphone and Oxymorphone?
Similar side effects to morphine but less likely to happen
Why is Oxymorphone not commonly used?
its expensive
How does Fentanyl work after IV administration?
Potent analgesic with short duration after IV injection
How is Fentanyl normally administered (2)?
- Usually administered by IV drip (CRI)
2. through a transdermal patch
What are the adverse effects of Fentanyl? (4)
- ataxia
- sedation
- dysphoria
- panting
How does Buprenorphine work to have an analgesic effect?
partial mu receptor agonist
How long does Buprenorphine have an effect?
fairly long duration of action
How is Buprenorphine administered? (3)
- SQ
- IM
- IV
How is Buprenorphine given to cats?
orally
What is Buprenorphine good to use for?
mild to moderate pain
How does Butorphanol to have an analgesic effect? (2)
- Kappa receptor agonist
2. mu receptor antagonist
What animals can Butorphanol be used on?
a variety of species
How long does the effect of Butorphanol?
short duration of effect
What is Butorphanol used for?
mild to moderate pain
What are the adverse effects of Butorphanol?(even though they are rare)
(5)
- pain
- sedation
- dysphoria
- CV depression
- respiratory depression